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Price Competition in Online Combinatorial Markets

机译:在线组合市场中的价格竞争

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We consider a single buyer with a combinatorial preference that would like to purchase related products and services from different vendors, where each vendor supplies exactly one product. We study the general case where subsets of products can be substitutes as well as complementary and analyze the game that is induced on the vendors, where a vendor's strategy is the price that he asks for his product. This model generalizes both Bertrand competition (where vendors are perfect substitutes) and Nash bargaining (where they are perfect complements), and captures a wide variety of scenarios that can appear in complex crowd sourcing or in automatic pricing of related products. We study the equilibria of such games and show that a pure efficient equilibrium always exists. In the case of submodular buyer preferences we fully characterize the set of pure Nash equilibria, essentially showing uniqueness. For the even more restricted "substitutes" buyer preferences we also prove uniqueness over mixed equilibria. Finally we begin the exploration of natural generalizations of our setting such as when services have costs, when there are multiple buyers or uncertainty about the the buyer's valuation, and when a single vendor supplies multiple products.
机译:我们考虑具有组合偏好的单个购买者,该购买者希望从不同的供应商那里购买相关的产品和服务,其中每个供应商都只提供一种产品。我们研究了产品子集既可以替代产品又可以互补的一般情况,并分析了在卖方身上引起的博弈,其中卖方的策略是他要其产品的价格。该模型将Bertrand竞争(供应商是完美的替代品)和Nash讨价还价(它们是完美的补充)进行了概括,并捕获了可能出现在复杂的众包采购或相关产品的自动定价中的多种情况。我们研究了此类博弈的均衡,并表明始终存在纯有效均衡。在亚模块购买者偏好的情况下,我们充分表征了纯纳什均衡的集合,本质上显示出唯一性。对于更为严格的“替代品”购买者偏好,我们还证明了其在混合均衡上的独特性。最后,我们开始探索我们环境的自然概括,例如何时有服务成本,何时有多个购买者或购买者的价值存在不确定性,以及何时一个供应商提供多个产品。

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