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Quantifying future health impacts of air pollution under a changing climate along a range of geographical scales

机译:在一系列地理范围内不断变化的气候下量化空气污染对健康的未来影响

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Whether air pollution-related mortality or morbidity will increase or decrease in the future depends on a wide range of complex and interacting processes. Quantification of health effects of air pollution (HIA) under a changing climate requires data on affected populations, exposures and changes to exposures, valid effect measures, models, and valid concentration-response functions (CRFs). We developed a framework for HIA of air pollution under a changing climate on different geographical scales. Global scale ozone and PM2.5 concentrations were modelled at a mid-21st century horizon (2020, 2030 and 2050) with the coupled LMDz-INCA system and downscaled with the regional scale air-quality model CHIMERE to a 50km grid covering Europe and then at a 4km grid over the Ile-de-France region. We used the air pollution emission scenarios developed by NASA in the framework of the Global Energy Assessment (GEA) on the basis of the same climate policy storylines as the RCP used in the IPCC process. Mortality data for 193 countries obtained from WHO were weighted according to the population distribution using a population density grid with ~111km resolution worldwide and 50km over Europe. French mortality data were obtained on the lowest administrative division level and rescaled using a population driven proxy to 2km resolution grid for Paris and Petite Couronne and 4km elsewhere. Relative risks and attributable fractions of mortality were modeled using CRFs obtained from epidemiological studies for the association between ozone or PM2.5 and mortality. We compared present-time data (2000-2010) and mid-21st century horizon data and assessed future changes in deaths associated with changes in ozone and PM2.5 concentrations due to RCP scenarios and on different geographical scales.
机译:未来与空气污染有关的死亡率或发病率将增加还是减少,取决于一系列复杂而相互作用的过程。在不断变化的气候下对空气污染(HIA)的健康影响进行量化需要以下数据:受影响人群,暴露量和暴露量变化,有效的影响量度,模型以及有效的浓度响应函数(CRF)。我们开发了一个在不同地理范围内不断变化的气候下的空气污染HIA的框架。使用耦合的LMDz-INCA系统在21世纪中叶(2020、2030和2050)对全球范围内的臭氧和PM2.5浓度进行建模,并使用区域规模的空气质量模型CHIMERE将其缩小至覆盖欧洲的50公里网格在法兰西岛上空4公里处的网格上。我们在与IPCC流程中使用的RCP相同的气候政策故事基础上,在全球能源评估(GEA)框架中使用了NASA制定的空气污染排放情景。从世界卫生组织获得的193个国家的死亡率数据是根据人口分布加权的,其中使用的人口密度网格在全世界范围内约为111公里,在欧洲范围内为50公里。法国的死亡率数据是在最低行政区划级别上获得的,并使用人口驱动的代理重新换算为2公里分辨率的巴黎和Petite Couronne分辨率网格以及其他4 km分辨率网格。使用从流行病学研究获得的CRF对相对风险和死亡率的可归因模型进行建模,以了解臭氧或PM2.5与死亡率之间的关系。我们比较了当前数据(2000-2010年)和21世纪中叶的地平线数据,并评估了由于RCP情景和不同地理尺度而导致的与臭氧和PM2.5浓度变化相关的死亡人数的未来变化。

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