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首页> 外文会议>Annual conference of the International Society of Exposure Science >AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF WINTER TRENDS IN INDOOR PARTICULATE POLLUTION (PM2.5) IN THE GER REGION OF ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA
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AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF WINTER TRENDS IN INDOOR PARTICULATE POLLUTION (PM2.5) IN THE GER REGION OF ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA

机译：蒙古乌兰巴托GER地区的室内微粒污染（PM2.5）冬季趋势初步评估

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Background: Ulaanbaatar (UB) is home to 40% of Mongolia's 2.74 million residents and growing. A population boom combined with long heating seasons (～ 8 mo.), frequent temperature inversions, and a valley topography has led to dangerously high levels of PM2.5. For example, average wintertime PM2.5 concentrations in 2009-2010 were measured at 250 μg/m3. It is expected that such levels likely result in substantial increases in mortality and morbidity. It is also expected that indoor exposures contribute heavily to total exposure of PM2.5, as approximately half of UB's residents live in yurt-like gers and rely on a mix of dirty solid fuels (coal and wood) in poorly-combusting stoves to meet their heating needs. Aims: We undertook a pilot study of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations at ger homes using one of three stove types: a traditional coal stove, an "improved" coal stove (jointly subsidized by the US Millennium Challenge Corp. and the Mongolian government), and a locally piloted stove fueled by a coal-to-gas fuel called dimethyl ether (DME). In addition to validating PM2.5 monitoring methodologies for harsh winter environments (-40C), we explored the relationships between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in the ger region of UB. Methods: Continuous PM2.5 and stove-use data were used to relate indoor and outdoor concentrations with household heating practices. At each of our sample gers, we placed one UC Berkeley Particle and Temperature Sensor (UCB-PATS) outside, one UCB-PATS inside the stove room (used for sleeping, eating, cooking, and general socializing), and fit all appliances that may emit considerable PM2.5 with UC Berkeley Stove Use Monitoring Sensors (SUMS). UCB-PATS were calibrated in field with filter colocations. Results & Conclusions: Filter samples collected during instrument calibration demonstrate 24-hr average PM2.5 concentrations as high as 610 μg/m3 (outdoor) and 275 μg/m3 (indoor), and 12-hr averages as high as 490 μg/m3 (indoor). Results by stove type, temperature, and other parameters will be presented.
机译：背景：乌兰巴托（UB）是蒙古274万居民中的40％，并且还在不断增长。人口激增加上漫长的采暖季节（约8个月），频繁的温度反转和山谷地形导致PM2.5的危险高水平。例如，2009-2010年冬季的PM2.5平均浓度为250μg/ m3。预期该水平可能导致死亡率和发病率显着增加。还预计室内暴露会严重影响PM2.5的总暴露，因为大约一半的UB居民生活在类似蒙古包的蒙古包中，并且在燃烧不良的炉灶中依靠混合的脏固体燃料（煤和木材）来满足生活需要。他们的供暖需求。目的：我们使用以下三种炉灶之一进行了ger房屋室内和室外PM2.5浓度的试点研究：传统的煤炉，“改进的”煤炉（由美国千禧挑战公司和蒙古政府共同资助） ）和由煤制天然气称为二甲醚（DME）的本地引燃炉。除了验证严酷的冬季环境（-40C）的PM2.5监测方法外，我们还探索了UB ger地区室内和室外PM2.5浓度之间的关系。方法：使用连续的PM2.5和炉灶使用数据将室内和室外浓度与家庭采暖方式联系起来。在我们的每个样本样本中，我们在室外放置了一个UC Berkeley颗粒和温度传感器（UCB-PATS），在炉子室内放置了一个UCB-PATS（用于睡眠，进餐，烹饪和一般社交），并安装了所有适用的家电UC Berkeley炉子使用监控传感器（SUMS）可能会排放大量PM2.5。 UCB-PATS在现场使用过滤器并置进行了校准。结果与结论：仪器校准期间收集的过滤器样品显示24小时的平均PM2.5浓度高达610μg/ m3（室外）和275μg/ m3（室内），而12小时的平均水平则高达490μg/ m3。 （室内的）。将显示按炉具类型，温度和其他参数得出的结果。

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