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An anti-intrusion protection barrier based on 2D radar technology

机译：基于二维雷达技术的防入侵保护屏障

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The 2D (range and azimuth) radar system here presented has been developed for civilian and industrial anti-intrusion applications and has been designed to provide an impassable protection barrier with controllable width (down to one meter). It is based on a CW double chirp technique: a linearly changing frequency signal is transmitted and the signals reflected by possible intruders (targets) are properly processed to determine, by analyzing their frequency content, the position in azimuth and range of the target itself. The system is mainly composed of a 24 GHz transceiver module for the transmission and reception of the signals, a real-time processing DSP-based board and an interface board for communication with the user and with external devices. The transceiver module includes one transmitting (TX) and two receiving (RX) antennas and an MMIC chip for the generation of the radar signals and the reception of echoes and their coherent pulse compression and filtering. The TX and RX antennas are patch 2D arrays with a designed beam-width of approximately 6° and side-lobe suppression achieved through appropriate elements power tapering. The main element of the transceiver is an MMIC chip which converts the triangular continuous wave generated by the DSP board into a varying frequency (24–24.250 GHz) wave for feeding the TX antenna. The high frequency received echo signals are then pulse compressed by the MMIC, filtered and sent back to the DSP board. The processing board is equipped with a DAC, four ADCs, a 300 MHz DSP and many peripherals. The received echo signals, converted into frequency domain through complex FFT, are processed with sophisticated algorithms for background removal (MTI filter), thresholding (CFAR algorithms, RCS analysis and more) and range determination. The determination of the azimuthal position of the target is based on a phase comparison mono-pulse technique. The analysis allows to determine both the range and the azimuth posi- ion and to accurately achieve the desired 2D shape of the detection area (usually a very narrow BLADE shape). The sophisticated processing algorithm makes the system resilient to atmospheric events such as wind, snow and rain, and capable of discriminating between human targets and small animals. The interface board gives the user the possibility to properly configure the radar system by setting all the parameters through an appropriate GUI and regulate the radar sensitivity all over the protection area. Furthermore, it allows the system to be integrated in a network of sensors, video cameras and other devices.
机译：此处介绍的2D（距离和方位角）雷达系统是为民用和工业防入侵应用开发的，旨在提供可控制的宽度（低至1米）的不可逾越的防护屏障。它基于CW双线性调频脉冲技术：传输线性变化的频率信号，并对可能的入侵者（目标）反射的信号进行适当处理，通过分析其频率内容确定目标自身的方位角和范围。该系统主要由一个用于信号传输和接收的24 GHz收发器模块，一个基于DSP的实时处理板和一个用于与用户以及与外部设备进行通信的接口板组成。收发器模块包括一个发射（TX）和两个接收（RX）天线以及一个MMIC芯片，用于生成雷达信号，接收回波以及其相干脉冲压缩和滤波。 TX和RX天线是贴片2D阵列，其设计波束宽度约为6°，并且通过适当的元件功率逐渐减小来实现旁瓣抑制。收发器的主要元件是MMIC芯片，该芯片将DSP板产生的三角形连续波转换为变化的频率（24-24.250 GHz）波，以为TX天线供电。然后，高频接收的回波信号被MMIC脉冲压缩，滤波并发送回DSP板。该处理板配备了一个DAC，四个ADC，一个300 MHz DSP和许多外围设备。通过复杂的FFT将接收到的回波信号转换为频域，然后使用复杂的算法进行处理，以进行背景去除（MTI滤波器），阈值处理（CFAR算法，RCS分析等）和范围确定。目标的方位角位置的确定基于相位比较单脉冲技术。该分析可以确定范围和方位角位置，并可以准确实现检测区域的所需2D形状（通常是非常窄的BLADE形状）。复杂的处理算法使系统能够应对风，雪和雨等大气事件，并能够区分人类目标和小型动物。该接口板使用户可以通过适当的GUI设置所有参数，并在整个保护区域内调节雷达灵敏度，从而正确配置雷达系统。此外，它允许将系统集成到传感器，摄像机和其他设备的网络中。

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