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A systematic approach to find the optimum tilt angle for meeting the maximum energy demand of an isolated area

机译：一种找到最佳倾斜角度的系统方法，可以满足偏远地区的最大能源需求

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The aim of this paper is to find the optimum tilt angle of solar PV panel at which the yearly demand would be met maximum. Solar PV is one of the most widely used renewable energy resources. The output of a panel is highest when the incident ray is perpendicular to the panel plane. Due to variations in the locus of the sun over the year, the alignment of the panel should be changed according to the sun position for maximum generation. However, changing the tilt angle needs single axis tracker or double axes tracker which is costly and also needs maintenance; thus may not be suitable. Therefore, the panel is kept at the average tilt of year at which the ray is perpendicular for the maximum time. This may be termed as the default tilt angle. The generation of solar panel varies over the year providing maximum generation at the default tilt angle. Similarly, the consumption of an area is also varies over the year. The amount of generation may not proportional as the demand, thus it results surplus or shortage. For an isolated area, it is hardly possible to use surplus energy considering certain demand profile. Even, it is not possible to store the surplus energy of a season to any device for long time to use it for another season. However, the surplus energy of a season may be shifted to the shortage season by changing the tilt angle. Different tilt angle will provide different pattern of generation over the year. The generation at optimum tilt angle will not maximize the generation of energy over the year rather it will maximize the demand met by shifting the energy to shortage season from surplus season. A new concept to maximize the energy usage from solar PV by changing the tilt angle and thus minimize the shortage to meet the demand of an isolated power system is also introduced here.
机译：本文的目的是找到最能满足年需求的太阳能光伏板的最佳倾斜角度。太阳能光伏是使用最广泛的可再生能源之一。当入射光线垂直于面板平面时，面板的输出最高。由于一年中太阳位置的变化，应根据太阳位置改变面板的对齐方式，以实现最大发电量。但是，改变倾斜角度需要单轴跟踪器或双轴跟踪器，这既昂贵又需要维护;因此可能不适合。因此，面板在最大时间保持在垂直于光线的一年的平均倾斜度上。这可以称为默认倾斜角。一年中太阳能电池板的发电量会有所不同，以默认的倾斜角度提供最大的发电量。同样，一个地区的消费量在一年中也有所不同。发电量可能与需求不成比例，因此会导致剩余或短缺。对于偏远地区，考虑到某些需求情况，几乎不可能使用过剩的能源。甚至不可能将一个季节的剩余能量长时间存储到任何设备上，以将其用于另一个季节。但是，一个季节的剩余能量可能会通过更改倾斜角度而转移到短缺季节。一年中不同的倾斜角度将提供不同的发电方式。以最佳倾斜角发电不会使一年中的能源发电最大化，而是将能源从过剩季节转换为短缺季节，从而使满足的需求最大化。这里还介绍了一种新概念，该新概念通过更改倾斜角度来最大化太阳能光伏的能源使用量，从而最大程度地减少短缺，以满足隔离式电源系统的需求。

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