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Waste tyres pyrolysis: Managing the environmental hazards of scrap tyres

机译：废轮胎热解：管理废轮胎对环境的危害

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Thinking on environmental hazards, images of chemicals in waters, or air pollution coming out of industrial furnaces are most often seen. There are some hazards that are overlooked and one of them is scrap tires. Without a good management, scrap tires treatment can threaten not only our environment, but the public health as well. For instant, run-off from scrap tire fires can contaminate groundwater and surface water, and scrap tire sites are an ideal habitat for the breeding of insects carrying disease. In this paper we present an experimental approach on understanding and managing the environmental hazards of co-products resulted during energy recovery processes applied on scrap tyres. As tyre combustion faces serious problems related to harmful emissions, pyrolysis appears as a process that allows the management of toxic compounds. The experimental data were used to highlight the influence of textile and metal tyre compounds and provided worthy and substantive information on the issues to conduct and manage the thermochemical process in order to maximize the interest product yield. Thus, for the reactions occurs during pyrolysis and combustion of tyres organic matters the main intensive degradation thermal ranges have been established. The work was carried out by coupling thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of tyre samples with bench scale reactor in order to identify the relationships between thermochemical behaviour and products distribution. TGA results afford the study of the kinetics parameters while the laboratory facilities allow the comprehension of tyres behaviours in real conditions. The processing temperature was limited at 700°C and the measures focused on the mass balance determination and gaseous products analysis. It was found that the three obtained products have a good energetic potential: the solid (20-32 MJ/kg), the liquid (41-43 MJ/kg) and the gas (32-36 MJ/m3). Nevertheless, the liquid need to be upgrading in order to be used as Diesel-- ike fuel and gases should be treated to remove sulphur compounds. With this purpose some catalysts, known for their ability to increase gaseous fraction have been studied in TGA and an important shift of degradation peaks was identified and discussed.
机译：考虑到环境危害，通常会看到水中化学药品的图像或工业炉发出的空气污染。有一些危险被忽略了，其中之一就是废轮胎。没有良好的管理，废旧轮胎的处理不仅会威胁到我们的环境，而且还会威胁到公众健康。即时，废轮胎起火的径流会污染地下水和地表水，而废轮胎场所是繁殖带病昆虫的理想栖息地。在本文中，我们提出了一种实验方法，用于理解和管理废轮胎在能量回收过程中产生的副产品的环境危害。由于轮胎燃烧面临与有害排放物有关的严重问题，热解是允许管理有毒化合物的过程。实验数据用于突出纺织和金属轮胎胶料的影响，并为进行和管理热化学过程的问题提供了有价值的实质性信息，以最大程度地提高目标产品的产量。因此，对于在轮胎有机物的热解和燃烧期间发生的反应，已经建立了主要的强降解热范围。这项工作是通过将轮胎样品的热重分析（TGA）与台式反应器相结合来进行的，以便确定热化学行为与产品分布之间的关系。 TGA结果提供了动力学参数的研究，而实验室设备则允许理解真实条件下的轮胎性能。加工温度限制在700°C，并且措施主要集中在质量平衡测定和气态产物分析上。发现获得的三种产物具有良好的能量潜能：固体（20-32MJ / kg），液体（41-43MJ / kg）和气体（32-36MJ / m3）。尽管如此，仍需要对液体进行升级才能用作柴油燃料，并且应对气体进行处理以去除硫化合物。为此目的，已经在TGA中研究了一些已知的以增加气体分数为特征的催化剂，并且鉴定和讨论了降解峰的重要变化。

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