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Effects of Electronic Detonators in Underground Tunneling Applications

机译：电子雷管在地下隧道应用中的作用

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Over-break is undesirable in underground civil construction because it excessively damages rockalong the perimeter of the tunnel, which directly influences the cycle times of advancement. Aquicker cycle time for each process is required to optimize the operation and therefore minimizingover-break is essential for operational success.Some effects that over-break has on the cycle times and operational costs include:1. creating a more strenuous anddangerous environment for theconstruction crew and the tunnelingequipment,2. creating extra material for themucking and hauling process,3. causing excessive perimeter damagecreating extra material to be scaleddown,4. deviation from design,5. increasing the amount of groundsupport required,6. the need for any remediation, and7. creating an unsmooth tunnelperimeter which influences theventilation in unlined tunnels usedfor access and transport.Electronic blasting has proven to be very efficient in underground mining development, and in civiltunneling. The benefits of electronic blasting include: the ability to control the tunnels’ perimeters,minimizing over-break, and quickening the cycle times of advancement resulting in operational costsavings and a reduction in the total time to complete a given project. This technology wasdemonstrated at the La Romaine Ⅰ - Tunnel Project to promote the benefits and capabilities ofelectronic blasting.A tunnel assessment methodology developed by Orica and used in previous underground projects isdescribed that compares the as-drilled to the as-blasted volume to evaluate and quantify over-breakproduced from the blasting techniques. Baseline data was collected from the tunneling operationwhen pyrotechnic initiation was used and compared to rounds that were blasted using electronicdetonators. The survey and profile data was collected using digital photogrammetry and the percentof over-break was quantified by comparing the Boolean unions to the as-drilled and as-blastedvolumes of the photogrammetric objects. Furthermore, the photogrammetric data was used toquantify the length of half-barrels produced per inspected round. The cycle time records producedon-site were interpreted and correlated with all of the results to realize the cost benefits associatedwith electronic initiation.The results of the analysis and interpretation indicate a 52% average reduction in over-break wasachieved when electronic detonators were applied. Furthermore, the total length of half-barrelsproduced per round increased by 57%. This correlates with the cycle time statistics as the turn-overrate was reduced by 1.4 hours, which translated into a cost saving of $1,588.83 per advancementcycle at La Romaine Ⅰ – Tunnel Project.
机译：在地下民用建筑中，过分破碎是不可取的，因为它会过度破坏岩石 沿着隧道的周长，这直接影响前进的循环时间。一种 每个过程都需要更快的循环时间，以优化操作并因此将其最小化 突破对于运营成功至关重要。 过度中断会对周期时间和运营成本产生一些影响，包括： 1.创造更加艰苦和艰辛的 危险环境 施工人员和隧道 设备， 2.为 淤泥和拖运过程， 3.造成过度的周界破坏 创建额外的材料进行缩放 下， 4.偏离设计， 5.增加地面数量 需要支持， 6.需要进行任何补救，以及 7.创建不平坦的隧道 周长会影响 在未衬砌的隧道中使用通风 用于访问和运输。 事实证明，电子爆破在地下采矿开发和民用建筑中都是非常有效的 隧道。电子爆破的好处包括：控制隧道周长的能力， 最大限度地减少过度突破，并加快推进的周期时间，从而导致运营成本 节省并减少完成给定项目的总时间。这项技术是 在La RomaineⅠ-隧道项目中进行示范，以宣传该项目的收益和能力 电子喷砂。 由Orica开发并在先前的地下项目中使用的隧道评估方法是 描述了将钻探量与爆破量进行比较以评估和量化超冲 由爆破技术制成。基线数据是从隧道操作中收集的 当使用烟火引发并与使用电子炸药发射的子弹进行比较时 雷管。调查和资料数据是使用数字摄影测量法收集的，并且百分比 通过比较布尔联合与钻探和爆破的布尔联合来量化 摄影测量对象的体积。此外，摄影测量数据还用于 量化每轮检查产生的半桶的长度。产生的周期时间记录 对现场进行解释并与所有结果相关联，以实现相关的成本效益 电子启动。 分析和解释的结果表明，平均爆发次数减少了52％。 使用电子雷管时可达到的效果。此外，半桶的总长度 每轮生产增加了57％。这与周转时间统计数据相关，即周转时间 费用减少了1.4小时，每笔预付款节省了$ 1,588.83 罗马一号–隧道项目的循环。

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    《》|2015年|1-12|共12页
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    Charles Zdazinsky;

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