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High volume fly ash mixes supplemented with colloidal Nano Silica

机译：高体积粉煤灰混合物补充有胶体纳米二氧化硅

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Since cement manufacturing causes 7- 8% of total global CO emissions, attempts have been made to minimize cement consumption. One method is to introduce pozzolans, commonly fly ash (FA), as supplementary materials to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The main drawback of incorporating FA into cement is the reduction of early strength in concrete. This can be countered by incorporating Nano silica (NS) into the FA - OPC mix. Workability, compressive strength (3, 7, 28 & 100 day), sorptivity and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing was carried out on cement paste specimens with FA replacements from 0% to 70% and NS percentages from 0 to 6%. All mixes were prepared with a 0.4 water binder ratio and a superplasticizer dosage to achieve equal workability for all mixes. Results showed that workability reduces with the increase of NS. Also, for a given %NS, compressive strength reduces with the increase of FA for early age strength, while 30% FA replacement gives optimum strength at 100 days. A 3% NS content for constant %FA gives optimum strength beyond 28 days. Sorptivity too is lowest at 30% FA replacement with 3% NS. Therefore 30% FA replacement with 3% NS gives optimum performance for both strength and durability. The mix with 50% FA replacement and 3% NS (a genuinely HVFA mix) is promising as a practically useful mix. The TGA enables us to obtain the Calcium Hydroxide (CH) consumed for pozzolanic reactions; this is used to validate a model that explains the strength variations in these mixes.
机译：由于水泥制造导致全球全球共同排放量的7-8％，因此已经尝试最小化水泥消耗。一种方法是引入Pozzolans，通常飞灰（FA），作为普通波特兰水泥（OPC）的补充材料。将Fa融入水泥的主要缺点是混凝土中早期强度的降低。这可以通过将纳米二氧化硅（NS）掺入Fa-OPC混合物来进行抵抗。在水泥糊标本上，从0〜％至70 ％的FA替代品和NS百分比，对水泥糊状标本进行了可加工性，抗压强度（3,7,28和100天），吸附性和热重试验（TGA）测试。用0.4水粘合剂比和超增塑料剂量制备所有混合物，以实现所有混合物的相同可加工性。结果表明，随着NS的增加，可加工性降低。此外，对于给定的％NS，抗压强度随着FA的增加而降低了休龄龄强度，而30 ％FA替换在100天内可获得最佳强度。常数％FA的3 ％NS内容可为28天提供最佳强度。在30 ％FA替换为3 ％NS时，吸附率也是最低的。因此，30 ％FA替换为3 ％NS为强度和耐用性提供最佳性能。与50 ％FA替换和3 ％NS（真正的HVFA混合）的混合物是有前途的，作为几乎有用的混合。 TGA使我们能够获得用于火山灰反应所消耗的氢氧化钙（CH）;这用于验证用于解释这些混合的强度变化的模型。

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