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Efficient Sparse Merkle Trees Caching Strategies and Secure (Non-)Membership Proofs

机译:高效的稀疏Merkle树缓存策略和安全(非)成员资格证明

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A sparse Merkle tree is an authenticated data structure based on a perfect Merkle tree of intractable size. It contains a distinct leaf for every possible output from a cryptographic hash function, and can be simulated efficiently because the tree is sparse (i.e., most leaves are empty). We are the first to provide complete, succinct, and recursive definitions of a sparse Merkle tree and related operations. We show that our definitions enable efficient space-time trade-offs for different caching strategies, and that verifiable audit paths can be generated to prove (non-)membership in practically constant time (<4ms) when using SHA-512/256. This is despite a limited amount of space for the cache-smaller than the size of the underlying data structure being authenticated-and full (concrete) security in the multi-instance setting.
机译:稀疏的Merkle树是经过验证的数据结构,其基于具有难以处理的大小的完美Merkle树。对于加密散列函数的每个可能的输出,它都包含一个不同的叶子,并且由于树是稀疏的(即,大多数叶子是空的),因此可以有效地进行仿真。我们是第一个提供稀疏Merkle树及其相关操作的完整,简洁和递归定义的人。我们证明了我们的定义可以为不同的缓存策略提供有效的时空权衡,并且当使用SHA-512 / 256时,可以生成可验证的审计路径来证明(非)成员资格在几乎恒定的时间内(<4ms)。尽管有有限的缓存空间(小于要验证的基础数据结构的大小),并且在多实例设置中具有完整(具体)的安全性。

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