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首页> 外文会议>Annual conference of the International Society of Exposure Science >Have urban traffic limitations influence on air quality?
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Have urban traffic limitations influence on air quality?

机译：城市交通限制对空气质量有影响吗？

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Background: In the City of Milan, the local Authorities, in order to reduce the traffic-related pollution, introduced a Limited Traffic Zone (LTZ) by charging a fee to all vehicles entering into the city center since 2008. This initiative, started as a 'pollution charge' called ECOPASS was re-formulated in 2012 as a 'congestion charge' called AREA C. In addition, during high pollution episodes due to persistent stable atmosphere events, typical of the Po Valley winter, they may decide to adopt 'Car-free days' or traffic stops as done on several Sundays in 2011, 2013 and on working days on 2015. Objective: To compare the Black Carbon (BC) content in Particular Matter (PM) - the BC/PM10 ratio - an empirical indicator of presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, inside/outside the ECOPASS/AREA C zone and during/after the time period interested in the mitigation actions. Method: BC was measured using the aethalometers model AE31 (Magee Scientific) and AE51 (Aethlab) and PM using pre-calibrated Optical Particle Counter (OPC) Aerocet 531 (Metone Instruments). Procedure: Instruments operated at kerbside and third floor levels in several measurements campaigns, in Summer, Autumn, Winter, and during/after the Car-free days or traffic stops. Results: No statistically significant difference resulted in the PM10 concentrations in all measurements campaigns, meanwhile, on average BC/PM10 ratio decreased in Summer by 50%, and in Autumn and Winter by 32%, despite the interference of the residential heating power plants within the Ecopass/AREA C zone as compared to no-restriction zone. Improvement of the BC/PM10 ratio was measured not only at the kerbside but also at the third floor level: reduction of about 25% as compared to third floor levels in no-restriction zone. On Sunday days traffic stops reductions in BC/PM10 was ranging from 41 to 53%. During working days traffic stops the reduction was 51% at kerbside and 26% at third floor level. Conclusion: Measured reductions are corresponding to a difference of one to three BC change units between in/out LTZ and during/after Car-free days or traffic stops with a corresponding personal exposure reduction to traffic generated toxic and carcinogenic pollutants and consequent important health benefits for the residents, commuters and 'city users' with particular benefits for most sensitive ones such as children, pregnancy women, elder or sick people, reducing the burden of diseases and mortality due to traffic-proximity pollutants exposure.
机译：背景：在米兰市，为了减少与交通有关的污染，地方当局引入了限制交通区（LTZ），对自2008年以来进入市中心的所有车辆收取费用。 2012年，重新计算了称为ECOPASS的“污染收费”，称为AREAC。此外，在由于持续稳定的大气事件（在Po Valley冬季典型）造成的高污染事件中，他们可能会决定采用“在2011年，2013年的几个星期日和2015年的工作日中，无车日或交通停止。目标：比较特殊物质（PM）中的黑碳（BC）含量-BC / PM10比率-实证指示在ECOPASS / AREA C区内部/外部和期间/之后对减缓措施感兴趣的多环芳烃的存在。方法：BC的测量使用的是风速计型号AE31（Magee Scientific）和AE51（Aethlab），PM则使用预先校准的光学粒子计数器（OPC）Aerocet 531（Metone Instruments）。程序：在夏季，秋季，冬季以及无车日或交通阻塞期间/之后的几次测量活动中，在路边和三楼的楼层操作仪器。结果：在所有测量活动中，PM10浓度均无统计学上的显着差异，尽管受住宅内热力发电厂的干扰，夏季的BC / PM10平均值平均下降了50％，秋季和冬季下降了32％。与无限制区域相比，Ecopass / AREA C区域。不仅在路边，而且在三楼，都测量了BC / PM10比率的提高：与无限制区的三楼相比，降低了约25％。在周日，BC / PM10的交通站点减少幅度为41％至53％。在工作日，路边停车减少了51％，三楼减少了26％。结论：测得的减少量对应于进/出LTZ与无车日或交通停止期间/之后之间的一到三个BC变化单位的差异，相应地个人减少了交通产生的有毒和致癌污染物的个人暴露量，因此具有重要的健康益处对居民，通勤者和“城市使用者”而言，对儿童，孕妇，老年人或病人等最敏感的人特别有利，减少了因靠近交通污染物而造成的疾病负担和死亡率。

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