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Assessment of ball lightning cases by correlated LLS data

机译：通过相关的LLS数据评估滚珠闪电箱

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Ball lightning (BL) research lacks instrumental records and field experiments. Today, widely available networks for lightning detection offer a chance to assess alleged BL reports with located lightning and its physical parameters. This assessment was realized with BL case data and EUCLID lightning data for Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Switzerland. According to the initial flash hypothesis, the electromagnetic pulse of a detected stroke near the geocoded BL position could be the triggering event of the BL process. The lightning location system (LLS) provides stroke location, time, polarity (positive/negative), and peak current in kA. In this assessment, 34 BL case reports over the period from 1994 to 2016 suggested a physical link of the stroke with maximum peak current in kA to the subsequent BL process. No electromagnetic field values for individual strokes can be computed with the kA peak current. As a first step in this analysis, geocoded distances of less than 1 km between stroke location and BL observation site were called quotedblbase close event`` (CE) and distances 1-10 km quotedblbase distant event`` (DE). For cloud-ground (CG) strokes the stroke-to-BL distance values were obtained. LLS-provided coordinates for intra-cloud (CC) strokes were also used to obtain a distance, although CC do not have a defined striking point. 28 BL cases occurred in the summer months, 6 cases in winter. Their time pattern follows the diurnal thunderstorm frequency in Central Europe. 19 cases were from Germany, 10 from Austria, 3 from the Czech Republic and 2 from Switzerland. 19 of the correlated EUCLID strokes were positive and 15 negative. Positive strokes ranged from 4 to 370 kA, negative from -3 to -37 kA. 28 were classified by the LLS as CG, 6 as CC strokes. The mean value of the semi-major axis of the EUCLID location confidence ellipse was 0.45 km. The BL-to- stroke distance in km for CG events had a mean of 0.42 km and a range of 0.0-0.8 km for CE cases, and a mean of 5.7 km and a range of 1.4-10 km for DE cases. The case statistics of this sample showed smaller BL-stroke distances for higher kA peak currents for both negative and positive CG events. This result leads to the interpretation that most DE strokes are uncorrelated with BL since their physical effects are marginal. Replications with more BL cases will show whether the pattern holds.
机译：球闪电（BL）研究缺乏乐器记录和现场实验。如今，可广泛的避雷检测网络提供了使用定位闪电和其物理参数评估所谓的BL报告的机会。该评估是通过BL案例数据和德国，奥地利，捷克共和国和瑞士的欧几里雷电数据实现。根据初始闪光假设，地理尺寸BL位置附近检测行程的电磁脉冲可以是BL过程的触发事件。闪电定位系统（LLS）提供了KA中的行程位置，时间，极性（正/负）和峰值电流。在该评估中，1994年至2016年至2016年的34个BL案例报告建议中风的物理链接，KA中的最大峰值电流为后续BL过程。可以使用KA峰值电流计算单个笔划的电磁场值。作为这种分析的第一步，在笔划位置和BL观察网站之间的地理尺寸距离小于1公里，称为QuotedBlbase Close``（CE）和距离1-10 km QuotedBlbase遥远的事件`（de）。对于云 - 地（CG）划出中风至BL距离值。对于云内（CC）中风的LLS提供的坐标也用于获得距离，尽管CC没有限定的引人注目。 28 BL病例发生在夏季，冬季6例。他们的时间模式遵循中欧的昼夜雷暴频率。来自德国的19例，来自奥地利的10个，来自捷克共和国3的3个，来自瑞士2。 19个相关的Euclid中风呈阳性和15个阴性。正抚摸范围为4至370 ka，负来自-3至-37 ka。 28由LLS分类为CG，6作为CC笔触。欧几里德地点信心椭圆的半主轴的平均值为0.45公里。对于CG事件的平均值为0.42公里的BL-卒中距离为0.42公里，为CE案例的均为0.0-0.8公里，平均为5.7公里，范围为1.4-10公里。该样品的壳体统计显示为负和正CG事件的较高KA峰值电流显示较小的BL行程距离。这结果导致解释大多数德冲程与BL不相关，因为它们的物理效应是边缘的。具有更多BL案例的复制将显示模式是否持有。

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