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Characterizing Bottlenecks in Scheduling Microservices on Serverless Platforms

机译：在无服务平台上调度微服务中的瓶颈表征瓶颈

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Datacenters are witnessing an increasing trend in adopting microservice-based architecture for application design, which consists of a combination of different microservices. Typically these applications are short-lived and are administered with strict Service Level Objective (SLO) requirements. Traditional virtual machine (VM) based provisioning for such applications not only suffers from long latency when provisioning resources (as VMs tend to take a few minutes to start up), but also places an additional overhead of server management and provisioning on the users. This led to the adoption of serverless functions, where applications are composed as functions and hosted in containers. However, state-of-the-art schedulers employed in serverless platforms tend to look at microservice-based applications similar to conventional monolithic black-box applications. To detect all the inefficiencies, we characterize the end-to-end life cycle of these microservice-based applications in this work. Our findings show that the applications suffer from poor scheduling of microservices due to reactive container provisioning during workload fluctuations, thereby resulting in either in SLO violations or colossal container over-provisioning, in turn leading to poor resource utilization. We also find that there is an ample amount of slack available at each stage of application execution, which can potentially be leveraged to improve the overall application performance.
机译：数据中心正看到在采用应用程序设计，它由不同的微服务的组合的基于微服务的体系结构有增加的趋势。通常，这些应用程序是短暂的，严格的服务级别目标（SLO）的要求施用。传统的虚拟机（VM）的供应此类应用程序的供应，当资源（如虚拟机往往需要几分钟的时间来启动），也场所服务器管理的额外开销和配置上的用户不仅长的等待时间受到影响。这导致采用的无服务器功能，在应用程序由函数和容器中主持。然而，在无服务器平台使用状态的最先进的调度往往看类似于常规单片暗箱应用的基于微服务的应用程序。为了检测所有的低效率，我们描述了这些基于微服务的应用程序的终端到终端的生命周期在这项工作中。我们的研究结果表明，应用从微服务的调度欠佳，由于反应容器中的工作负载波动的供应，从而导致无论是在SLO违规或巨大的容器过度供应，进而导致资源利用率低下。我们还发现，有可用的应用程序执行，这有可能被利用来提高整体应用性能的每个阶段足量的松弛。

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