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Quantifying the Effect of Orbit Altitude on Mission Cost for Earth Observation Satellites

机译：量化轨道高度对地球观测卫星任务成本的影响

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The ever-increasing cost of space missions leads to longer schedules and fewer missions. This leads to a demand for higher reliability, which, in turn, leads to higher cost, longer schedules, and fewer missions. This process is known as the space spiral. Space missions today are costing too much, and within today's budget environment, it has become a national problem. In recent times, small commercial startups companies such as Skybox Imaging and Planet Labs have broken this trend and are now designing and flying smaller low-cost spacecraft at lower altitudes to provide world-wide imaging capabilities; however, with lower performance (resolution). Given a fixed set of performance requirements (resolution, coverage, and lifetime) for an Earth observation mission, what orbit altitude will provide the lowest cost option? What is the relationship between mission cost and orbit altitude? This paper aims to explore various sets of performance requirements for Earth observation missions and answering these questions by quantifying the effect orbit altitude has on total mission cost This is an interdisciplinary effort that combines systems engineering, physics, and cost modeling. Preliminary results indicate that flying multiple small satellites at lower altitudes compared to traditional large systems has the potential for much lower mission costs for Earth observation missions with fixed performance requirements. A positive result from this research has the potential to have a major impact on the way business is done in space and effectively start reversing the space spiral.
机译：太空任务成本的不断增加导致时间表的延长和任务的减少。这导致对更高可靠性的需求，进而导致更高的成本，更长的时间表和更少的任务。此过程称为空间螺旋。今天的太空任务花费太多，在当今的预算环境下，这已经成为一个全国性的问题。最近，Skybox Imaging和Planet Labs等小型商业初创公司已经打破了这一趋势，现在正在设计并在更低的高度飞行小型低成本航天器，以提供全球范围的成像能力;但是，性能（分辨率）较低。给定对地观测任务的一组固定的性能要求（分辨率，覆盖范围和寿命），哪种轨道高度将提供最低的成本选择？任务成本与轨道高度之间有什么关系？本文旨在探索对地观测任务的各种性能要求，并通过量化轨道高度对总任务成本的影响来回答这些问题。这是一项结合系统工程，物理和成本建模的跨学科研究。初步结果表明，与传统大型系统相比，以较低的高度飞行多个小型卫星对于具有固定性能要求的对地观测任务而言，可能具有更低的任务成本。这项研究的积极成果可能会对太空业务的开展方式产生重大影响，并有效开始扭转太空螺旋。

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