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Anatomical and functional brain approach along short abrupt changes in g-levels

机译：沿g级短暂突然变化的解剖学和功能性大脑方法

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To conduct experiments under abrupt changes in g-levels, a single-engine aerobatic aircraft has been used, providing 6-8 seconds of reduced gravity, preceded and followed by 5-7 seconds of hypergravity periods. Due to the specific conditions of the flight and previous findings [1], the hypothesis of the present work lies on the idea that some sensory inputs could have a notorious effect on brain final responses when gravity is altered. Therefore, this study focuses on the evaluation of such hypothesis, based on the analysis of the evolution in time of intracranial activity of limbic, visual and auditory cortices. Five subjects (N=5, age 41 ± 14 years) have flown in parabolic flight with their eyes both open and closed. Electroencephalogram signals were recorded with an Emotive Epoc headset, synchronized with a triaxial accelerometer. The intracranial brain bioelectric activity (standardized current density) throughout the parabola, was calculated by applying Standard Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography, and it was analyzed for the limbic, visual and auditory cortices. Intracranial activity of the Temporal, Parietal and Occipital lobes were carried out as well in order to compare the different periods/phases of the flight. Results detected a lower brain activity during the hypogravity phase in all lobes and cortices, only in the case of open eyes. The bioelectrical brain activity along the parabola showed similar patterns in all lobes and cortices, when visual inputs are highlighted. Suppressing the sight, two major behaviors were detected in brain activity: one for temporal lobe and auditory cortex, and second one for the rest of the lobes and visual cortex. It Seemed that, flying with closed eyes, other sensory stimuli were enhanced, in this case the auditory cortex. To confirm the validity of the results two-way ANOVA (factors lobe/phases) and Fisher post hoc test have been applied on mean intracranial activity values in all cases. Spectral entropy evolution in time has been considered as a fast indicator of the sudden extracranial brain activity variation during short g-changes. For open eyes, spectral entropy values indicated a slight decrease at the onset of the hypogravity phase, whereas in case of closed eyes, this change was detected in the last seconds of the parabola, even though these fluctuations were statistically non-significant. Results suggest that some of the sensory inputs can indeed have an impact on brain final response, when gravity conditions are altered.
机译：为了在g值的突然变化下进行实验，使用了单引擎的特技飞行器，它提供了6-8秒的重力降低，超重力时期之前和之后的5-7秒。由于飞行的特定条件和先前的发现[1]，本研究的假设基于这样的想法，即当重力改变时，某些感觉输入可能会对大脑的最终反应产生臭名昭著的影响。因此，本研究基于对边缘，视觉和听觉皮质的颅内活动时间演变的分析，着重于对这种假设的评估。五名受试者（N = 5，年龄41±14岁）在抛物线飞行中睁开并闭上了眼睛。脑电图信号由Emotive Epoc耳机记录，并与三轴加速度计同步。整个抛物线的颅内脑生物电活动（标准化电流密度），是通过应用标准低分辨率脑电磁层析成像技术进行计算的，并分析了其边缘，视觉和听觉皮层。还进行了颞叶，顶叶和枕叶的颅内活动，以便比较飞行的不同时期/阶段。结果发现，仅在睁开眼睛的情况下，在所有叶和皮层的重力下降阶段大脑活动均降低。当突出显示视觉输入时，沿着抛物线的生物电脑活动在所有叶和皮层中都显示出相似的模式。抑制视力，在大脑活动中检测到两种主要行为：一种是颞叶和听觉皮层，另一种是其余的叶和视皮层。它似乎认为，闭眼飞行会增强其他感觉刺激，在这种情况下是听觉皮层。为了确认结果的有效性，对所有病例的平均颅内活性值进行了双向方差分析（因子叶/相）和Fisher事后检验。时间的频谱熵演化已被认为是短暂g改变期间颅外脑活动突然变化的快速指示。对于睁开的眼睛，频谱熵值表明在重力下降阶段开始时略有下降，而在闭眼的情况下，即使在统计上这些波动都不显着，在抛物线的最后几秒钟仍能检测到这种变化。结果表明，当重力条件改变时，某些感觉输入确实会影响大脑的最终反应。

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