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A Note on Deep Seated Failures in Supported Vertical Cuts in Sands below the Groundwater Table by a Coupled Numerical-Analytical Method

机译：耦合数值分析方法对地下水位以下砂土中竖向垂直切口深层破坏的注记

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Stability of supported excavations in sands and other granular matters against deep failure is of particular importance as different modes of failure are often probable. Among all, the active/passive earth pressure failures, failure of supports and braces, hydraulic failures due to the ground heaving or piping and the bearing capacity or deep seated failure can be pointed out. In some staged-construction procedures, a sheet-pile may not be previously extended below the final level of the cut or the extended length can be insufficient to prevent such failures. In this research, the stability of vertical cuts against such failures has been studied. In particular, when the sand is below the groundwater table, a rather steady state flow of water will form towards the bottom of the cut and together with the weight of the surcharge in the proximity of the cut, it can cause several kinds of failure. For such a problem, a semi-analytical approach is implemented comprising of the solution of the flow field by complex analysis and the stress field (stability analysis) by the slip lines method. Whereas the first analytical procedure works as a background solution, the foreground numerical solution of the stress field can be used for stability analysis. A number of analyses revealed that the deep seated failure may precede the piping and/or heaving failures. Also, in absence of the groundwater seepage, a deep failure is probable. The results are presented in terms of some measure of stability, defined as a factor of safety.
机译：由于经常可能出现不同的破坏方式，因此在沙土和其他粒状物质中进行支撑的开挖对深度破坏的稳定性尤为重要。其中，可以指出主动/被动土压力故障，支撑和撑杆故障，由于地面起伏或管道造成的液压故障以及承载能力或深座故障。在某些分阶段的施工程序中，薄板桩可能事先未延伸到切口的最终高度以下，或者延伸的长度可能不足以防止此类故障。在这项研究中，已经研究了针对此类破坏的垂直切口的稳定性。特别是，当沙子位于地下水位以下时，水会流向切口的底部，并形成稳定的水流，再加上切口附近的附加重量，会导致多种故障。对于这样的问题，实施了半分析方法，该方法包括通过复杂分析的流场解和通过滑移线法的应力场（稳定性分析）解。尽管第一个分析程序用作背景解，但应力场的前景数值解可用于稳定性分析。大量分析表明，深层故障可能先于管道和/或升沉故障。另外，在没有地下水渗流的情况下，很可能发生深层破坏。结果以一定程度的稳定性表示，被定义为安全因素。

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