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Effect of Temperature on Field Water Content Measurements Using Water Content Reflectometers

机译：温度对使用水分反射仪测量现场水分含量的影响

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Water content sensors allow spatial and temporal measurement of soil water flow. Water content sensors are widely used for assessing and validating field performance of water balance or evapotranspirative (ET) landfill final covers. In addition, they are being used for assessment of preferential flow through soils, precision farming, and migration of chemicals. Conventional time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors which measure permittivity at a relatively high frequency (Giga Hertz range) have been historically used for measuring in-situ water contents. However, conventional TDR sensors are expensive, have a maximum cable length limitation, and require specialized electronic interfaces. Relatively new water content sensor referred to as water content reflectometers (WCR), includes all of the electronics in the head of the probe and it is cheaper than the high frequency TDR sensor. WCRs function in lower frequency (Mega Hertz range) that makes the water content measurement more sensitive to soil type, clay content, temperature, and soil electrical conductivity. In-situ water content measurement of ET covers using WCR with soil specific calibration and temperature-soil specific calibration is compared in this study. This paper presents detailed soil and temperature specific calibration for a WCR used for an ET cover test section located near Detroit, MI. A temperature-specific calibration for two different soil types was conducted in this study. The test results indicated that the effect of temperature on WCR measurement is more for soils with higher clay content than the soils with less clay content. Also, field measured data indicated that WCRs without a temperature-specific calibration underestimate the water content by about 60% during winter and overestimates the water content by about 20% during summer.
机译：水分传感器可以对土壤水流进行时空测量。含水量传感器广泛用于评估和验证水平衡或蒸散（ET）垃圾填埋场最终覆盖层的现场性能。此外，它们还用于评估土壤优先流，精密耕作和化学品迁移的情况。过去，在相对较高的频率（千兆赫兹范围）下测量介电常数的常规时域反射法（TDR）传感器已用于测量原位水含量。但是，传统的TDR传感器价格昂贵，电缆长度受到最大限制，并且需要专用的电子接口。相对较新的含水量传感器，称为含水量反射计（WCR），包括探头头部中的所有电子设备，它比高频TDR传感器便宜。 WCR的工作频率较低（兆赫兹范围），这使水含量测量对土壤类型，粘土含量，温度和土壤电导率更加敏感。在这项研究中，比较了使用WCR结合土壤特定校准和温度-土壤特定校准对ET覆盖层进行原位水含量测量。本文介绍了密歇根州底特律附近的ET覆盖层测试部分所用WCR的详细土壤和温度特定校准。在这项研究中，针对两种不同土壤类型进行了特定于温度的校准。测试结果表明，温度对粘土含量较高的土壤的WCR测量的影响要大于粘土含量较少的土壤。而且，现场测量数据表明，没有温度特定校准的WCR在冬季将水含量低估约60％，在夏季将水含量高估约20％。

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