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A Method to Determine the Policy Headway for Bus Routes: A Case Study of Beijing

机译：确定公交路线政策进展的方法：以北京为例

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Policy headway serves as a lower bound for scheduling service frequency and is usually used by transit operators in low-demand routes to ensure that passengers would be able to receive desired level of service. The main effect of policy headway on the level of service is reflected in passengers' waiting time. Therefore, a method for determining the policy headway is proposed from the perspective of waiting time in this paper. Twenty bus routes categorized by location (urban or suburban) in Beijing are chosen as the research objects. Firstly, passengers' perceived and acceptable waiting time in different seasons (winter or other seasons) and periods of a day (peak hours or off-peak hours) are collected, respectively, through questionnaire surveys. Secondly, by combining with the data of operating records, the relationship between perceived waiting time and actual headway (or time interval) is established. Then, the model for calculating the policy headway is developed. Finally, suitable values of the policy headway for different routes are estimated and compared. The results show that (1) for different route locations, the policy headway for urban routes is about 1.3 times larger than that for suburban routes; (2) for different seasons, passengers' acceptable waiting time in winter is two minutes shorter than that in other seasons, and the policy headway in winter is 80% of that in other seasons; and (3) for different periods, the policy headway during peak hours is about 1.7 times larger than that during off-peak hours. The results also suggest the need of modifying the relationship between the average waiting time per passenger and the headway when the quality of bus service is evaluated from the perspective of passengers' perception. The methods developed in this study can be used to determine the policy headway for a bus system to improve the level of service when considering passengers' waiting time.
机译：策略进度是调度服务频率的下限，通常由公交运营商在需求量较低的路线中使用，以确保乘客能够获得所需的服务水平。政策进展对服务水平的主要影响体现在乘客的等待时间上。因此，从等待时间的角度出发，提出了一种确定政策进展的方法。选择北京的20条公交路线（按城市（郊区或郊区）进行分类）作为研究对象。首先，通过问卷调查分别收集了乘客在不同季节（冬季或其他季节）和一天中的时段（高峰时间或非高峰时间）的感知和可接受的等待时间。其次，通过结合运行记录数据，建立感知等待时间与实际前进时间（或时间间隔）之间的关系。然后，开发了用于计算策略进度的模型。最后，估算并比较不同路线的策略进展的合适值。结果表明：（1）在不同的路线位置，城市路线的政策间距约为郊区路线的1.3倍; （2）在不同季节，冬季的旅客可接受等待时间比其他季节短两分钟，冬季的政策进展是其他季节的80％; （3）在不同时期，高峰时段的政策进展约为非高峰时段的1.7倍。结果还表明，当从乘客的感知角度评估公共汽车服务的质量时，需要修改每位乘客的平均等待时间与车距之间的关系。本研究中开发的方法可用于确定公交系统的政策进展，以在考虑乘客的等待时间时提高服务水平。

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