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Increased block size and Bitcoin blockchain dynamics

机译：增加区块大小和比特币区块链动态

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Bitcoin is a peer to peer electronic payment system where payment transactions are stored in a data structure named the blockchain which is maintained by a community of participants. The Bitcoin Core protocol limits blocks to 1 MB in size. Each block contains at most some 4,000 transactions. Blocks are added to the blockchain on average every 10 minutes, therefore the transaction rate is limited to some 7 transactions per second (TPS). This is much less than the transaction rate offered by competing financial transaction processing systems. The Bitcoin TPS can be increased by increasing the block size and/or by decreasing the block discovery interval. Both of these interventions will increase the end-to-end block transmission delay, which in turn will increase the probability that different participants momentarily record different versions of the blockchain, so that the consensus protocol will discard an increasing number of blocks. The net effect is that the real increase in the TPS is not proportional to the increase (decrease) in the block size (block discovery rate). Our simulation experiments show that large block sizes, if accompanied by large end-to-end block transmission delays, give rise to the frequent appearance of inconsistent blockchain copies, to the detriment of the TPS. We present a simulation analysis of Bitcoin-Next Generation where blocks (keyblocks) stripped of transactions propagate rapidly through the peer-to-peer network. Once a keyblock is mined, only the miner of the keyblock is entitled to broadcast small microblocks of transactions until the next keyblock is mined and another miner is selected to broadcast microblocks. Initial simulation experiments show that Bitcoin-NG can sustain substantially larger transaction rates than Bitcoin Core.
机译：比特币是一种点对点的电子支付系统，其中支付交易存储在名为区块链的数据结构中，该数据结构由参与者社区维护。比特币核心协议将块的大小限制为1 MB。每个区块最多包含4,000个事务。平均每10分钟将块添加到区块链，因此交易速率限制为每秒约7个交易（TPS）。这远低于竞争性金融交易处理系统所提供的交易率。可以通过增加块大小和/或通过减小块发现间隔来增加比特币TPS。这两种干预都会增加端到端块传输延迟，从而增加不同参与者瞬间记录不同版本的区块链的可能性，从而共识协议将丢弃越来越多的块。最终结果是，TPS的实际增加与块大小（块发现率）的增加（减少）不成比例。我们的仿真实验表明，大块的大小（如果伴随着较大的端到端块传输延迟）会导致频繁出现不一致的区块链副本，从而损害TPS。我们提供了对下一代比特币的仿真分析，其中剥离交易的区块（密钥块）通过对等网络快速传播。一旦挖出一个密钥块，就只有该密钥块的矿工有权广播小的交易微型块，直到挖出下一个密钥块，并选择另一个矿工来广播微块。初步的模拟实验表明，Bitcoin-NG可以维持比Bitcoin Core更大的交易速率。

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