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首页> 外文会议>Annual conference of the International Society of Exposure Science >Analyzing NO2 concentration variations from 2005 to 2016 over the atmosphere of Kazakhstan using Satellite data
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Analyzing NO2 concentration variations from 2005 to 2016 over the atmosphere of Kazakhstan using Satellite data

机译：利用卫星数据分析哈萨克斯坦大气中2005年至2016年的NO2浓度变化

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NO_x is the major precursor of ozone and particulate matter (PM), which in turn affect the air quality and climate. NO_x concentrations in the tropospheric layer are highly variable in both space and time, reflecting its short chemical lifetime in the atmosphere, and its nonuniform distribution. NO_x is released to the troposphere as a result of anthropogenic activities, such as fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer application, and prescribed burning. Major sources of energy in Kazakhstan include coal, petroleum, biomass and natural gas. Combustion of these fuels is the main source of pollution in the natural environment. It was reported that In 2014, the highest per capita household coal consumption occurred in Poland (165 kgoe/cap), followed by Kazakhstan (157 kgoe/cap), and Mongolia (104 kgoe/cap). Given the rapid increment in ozone antecedent outflows in East Asia, investigating NO_x concentration trends over the Central Asia, particularly Kazakhstan is critical. Particularly, so far no study was found in the literature investigating NO_2 concentrations variability in Kazakhstan, where significant amount of NO_2 is produced due to local combustion. The objective of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of tropospheric NO_2 in three polluted cities of Kazakhstan including Shymkent, Almaty and Ekibastuz from 2005 to 2016 using the data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) launched on the NASA Aura satellite in July 2004. The trends are, for the most part, associated with technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the Almaty, NO_2 levels increased significantly from 2013 to 2015 by 30%. NO_2 concentrations over 3 cities and overall Kazakhstan decreased significantly after 2015 due to implementation of Euro 4 standard for automobiles. For all three cities, concentration of NO_2 reached a maximum during winter season and a minimum during summer, between 2005 and 2016.
机译：NO_x是臭氧和颗粒物（PM）的主要前体，它们反过来会影响空气质量和气候。对流层中的NO_x浓度在空间和时间上都高度可变，这反映了其在大气中的化学寿命短以及分布不均匀。由于人为活动（例如化石燃料燃烧，肥料施用和规定的燃烧），NO_x释放到对流层。哈萨克斯坦的主要能源包括煤炭，石油，生物质能和天然气。这些燃料的燃烧是自然环境中污染的主要来源。据报道，2014年，人均家庭煤炭消费量最高的国家是波兰（165千克油当量/盖），其次是哈萨克斯坦（157千克油当量/盖）和蒙古（104千克油当量/盖）。鉴于东亚地区臭氧排放量的迅速增加，调查中亚地区特别是哈萨克斯坦的NO_x浓度趋势至关重要。特别是，到目前为止，在哈萨克斯坦调查NO_2浓度变化的文献中尚未发现任何研究，哈萨克斯坦因局部燃烧而产生大量的NO_2。这项研究的目的是使用2004年7月在NASA Aura卫星上发射的臭氧监测仪（OMI）的数据，调查2005年至2016年哈萨克斯坦三个包括Shymkent，Almaty和Ekibastuz在内的污染城市的对流层NO_2的时间演变。这种趋势在很大程度上与能源使用的技术变化以及区域监管政策有关。在阿拉木图，2013年至2015年，NO_2的水平显着增加了30％。 2015年之后，由于实施了汽车的欧4排放标准，3个城市和整个哈萨克斯坦的NO_2浓度大幅下降。在这三个城市中，2005年至2016年间，冬季的NO_2浓度最高，而夏季的NO_2浓度最低。

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