Heat transfer with ice accretion are encountered in a range of problems such as icing of aircraft, wind turbine blades, overhead power transmission lines, and others. Northern and offshore locations have promising wind potential, however, challenges with icing occur when the turbine is exposed to sea-spray and precipitation at sub-zero temperatures. The droplets impact and freeze on blade surfaces causing significant reduction in power output and turbine longevity, as well as creating safety hazards from ice shedding. Ice accretion modelling for aircraft, wind turbines, and power transmission cables has led to the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ice simulation packages, such as LEWICE and FENSAP-ICE. These can be used to relate ice accretion on a specified geometry exposed to different climatic conditions, including liquid water content, droplet diameters, relative air speed, and air temperature. Ice accretion responses that can be analyzed include changes in geometry, aerodynamic changes, ice growth rates, and heat fluxes. In this paper, a uniform experimental design approach is applied to numerical predictions to develop new ice accretion correlations over a range of climatic conditions. The results are correlated into closed-form estimates for relevant ice accretion factors in terms of the Nusselt number and ice thickness. A new rime glaze ice transition parameter R* is proposed and validated to predict how climatic conditions influence whether rime or glaze ice formation will occur on an airfoil surface.
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