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A Zero-IF Auto-Calibration System for Phased Array Antennas

机译：相控阵天线的零中频自动校准系统

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摘要

A simple, compact, and low-cost implementation of an auto-calibration system for evaluating a Ka-band phased array active element is presented. The proposed technique estimates the amplitude/phase unbalance of each antenna element induced by feed circuit and characterizes phase shifter and variable gain amplifier (VGA) attached to each individual antenna element in an array configuration. This intelligent calibration system employs phased locked loop (PLL) oscillators to generate an RF test signal and a LO calibration signal. The former is used for down-converting the signal output from the antenna element under test for phase and amplitude measurement. The latter is used to compensate the quadrature mixer error in low-IF topology. The antenna signal amplitude and phase are extracted from the I/Q signals. This approach can compensate for most of the associated errors caused by nonlinearity of the quadrature modules and amplifiers using internal time-varying phase. A back-to-back measurement shows the proposed scheme can offer an accuracy of ±2 degrees in phase and ±0.3 dB in amplitude over a 30-dB dynamic range.
机译：提出了一种用于评估Ka波段相控阵有源元件的自动校准系统的简单，紧凑和低成本实现。所提出的技术估计由馈电电路引起的每个天线元件的幅度/相位不平衡，并表征以阵列配置连接到每个单独天线元件的移相器和可变增益放大器（VGA）。该智能校准系统采用锁相环（PLL）振荡器来生成RF测试信号和LO校准信号。前者用于对从被测天线元件输出的信号进行下变频，以进行相位和幅度测量。后者用于补偿低中频拓扑中的正交混频器误差。从I / Q信号中提取天线信号的幅度和相位。这种方法可以补偿使用内部时变相位的正交模块和放大器的非线性所引起的大多数相关误差。背对背测量显示，该方案可在30dB动态范围内提供±2度的相位精度和±0.3dB的幅度精度。

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