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How to Calibrate a Neutron Correlation Counter: Let Us Count the Ways

机译：如何校准中子相关计数器：让我们数一数

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Passive neutron correlation counting is a commonly applied technique for the nondestructive assay of plutonium-bearing items. In some cases, it may be applied to assay uranium as well. Active neutron correlation counting can be used for uranium, plutonium, and mixtures of both. The dynamic range of samples extends from milligrams to multiple kilograms for both current passive and active assay techniques; these techniques also remain attractive when severe gamma attenuation is present. Coupled with its comparative simplicity, robustness, and stability, neutron correlation counting is well established and heavily relied on for nondestructive assay. For best results, calibration using representative items of known nuclear material content is preferred, but is not always possible. However, to meet a given data quality objective, it is not always necessary. An acceptable calibration can often be achieved using the best practical means and physics arguments with a fraction of the resources of a traditional mass calibration. Field measurements, waste assay, and special investigation of a small number of nonstandard items are prime examples for this strategy. Accepting this philosophy, it is evident that there is not just a single calibration approach, but many. In this paper, we outline several potential calibration methods for neutron correlation counters that we consider to be technically defensible, depending on the measurement scenario and local availability of materials and expertise. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to initiate a dialog on this topic.
机译：被动中子相关计数是一种用于含items项目的无损检测的常用技术。在某些情况下，它也可以用于分析铀。主动中子相关计数可用于铀，p和两者的混合物。对于当前的被动和主动分析技术，样品的动态范围都从毫克扩展到几千克。当存在严重的伽马衰减时，这些技术也仍然很有吸引力。加上其相对简单，稳健和稳定的特点，中子相关计数已得到很好的建立，并且在无损检测中非常依赖中子计数。为了获得最佳结果，最好使用已知核材料含量的代表性项目进行校准，但并非总是可能的。但是，为了达到给定的数据质量目标，并非总是必要的。可接受的校准通常可以使用最佳实践方法和物理参数，并使用传统质量校准的一部分资源来实现。现场测量，废物分析以及对少量非标准物品的特殊调查是该策略的主要示例。接受这种哲学，很明显，不仅有一种校准方法，而且有许多种。在本文中，我们概述了中子相关计数器的几种可能的校准方法，这些方法在技术上是可行的，这取决于测量方案以及材料和专业知识的本地可用性。据我们所知，这是启动有关此主题的对话框的第一次尝试。

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