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首页> 外文会议>Clearwater clean coal conference;International technical conference on clean energy >DYNAMIC CORROSION TESTING OF ALLOYS IN SUPERCRITICAL CO_2 ENVIRONMENTS, INCLUDING SULFUR
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DYNAMIC CORROSION TESTING OF ALLOYS IN SUPERCRITICAL CO_2 ENVIRONMENTS, INCLUDING SULFUR

机译：超临界CO_2环境中合金的动态腐蚀测试，包括硫

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The Allam Cycle is a high-pressure, highly recuperative, oxygen-fired, supercritical CO_2 cycle that makes carbon capture part of the core power generation process. This cycle utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide as a high-pressure working fluid through a very compact high-pressure turbine. Cycle efficiencies are capable of reaching up to 47% on a higher-heating-value basis for a lignite feedstock while producing a near-sequestration-ready CO_2 stream requiring some O_2 reduction and dehydration (1). According to a recent study, the coal gasification/supercritical CO_2 cycle can offer a 25% to 50% increase in net cycle efficiency when compared to an integrated gasification combined cycle with 90% CCS (carbon capture and storage) (2). A team consisting of the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), 8 Rivers Capital, LLC (8 Rivers), and the North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) Lignite Energy Council (LEC) is working to develop lignite-based Allam Cycle technology in support of an industry team comprising ALLETE, Inc., and Basin Electric Power Cooperative (BEPC). This work is building on the knowledge gained from development of the natural gas-fueled Allam Cycle while addressing challenges to coal-fired applications. The team is addressing potential technology barriers requiring further research and development for lignite-based applications. Potential barriers include corrosion, impurity management, gasifier selection, and syngas combustor design. This ongoing effort will develop knowledge to support the deployment of commercially viable low-carbon power generation technologies for the next generation of coal-fired power plants. This paper reviews the Allam Cycle principles and also the challenges and opportunities of producing power with the Allam Cycle using North Dakota lignite. A major point of emphasis will be corrosion analysis. Several high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic corrosion evaluations were performed in the EERC's corrosion system (Figure 1). Tests were performed on metal coupons and tubing to reduce risk and aid in the selection of materials of construction. From this work, it was determined that a flue gas containing high amounts of sulfur would not be easily manageable in areas where the system transitions in temperature below approximately 371°C (700°F). There is an extremely high probability for plugging to occur. Additionally, the acid gases that condense through this temperature transition produce acid with a pH below 1.0. With a reduction of sulfur in the gas stream, plugging is eliminated. The alloys tested at a pressure of 30 bar and 750°C all developed oxide layers which did afford some level of protection. Actual corrosion rates could not be determined because of the strong oxide layers that formed. Cross-sectional analysis was performed on each of the coupons to determine the depth of corrosion, and sulfur species were observed to be penetrating in the grain boundaries. All alloys displayed good resistance under exposure to the tested gas conditions. Based on the information obtained to date, none of the alloys can be rejected as a viable candidate for use in a system under these conditions. Longer term pilot-scale testing is necessary to determine the long-term impacts and service life of components.
机译：Allam循环是一种高压，高换热，燃烧氧气的超临界CO_2循环，使碳捕集成为核心发电过程的一部分。该循环利用超临界二氧化碳通过非常紧凑的高压涡轮机作为高压工作流体。对于褐煤原料，循环效率能够在较高的热值基础上达到47％，同时产生需要一定程度的O_2还原和脱水的接近固存的CO_2物流（1）。根据最近的一项研究，与具有90％CCS（碳捕获和存储）的整体气化联合循环相比，煤气化/超临界CO_2循环可将净循环效率提高25％至50％（2）。由能源与环境研究中心（EERC），8 Rivers Capital，LLC（8 Rivers）和北达科他州工业委员会（NDIC）褐煤能源委员会（LEC）组成的团队正在努力开发基于褐煤的Allam Cycle技术。由ALLETE，Inc.和盆地电力合作社（BEPC）组成的行业团队的支持。这项工作是在开发以天然气为燃料的阿拉姆循环中获得的知识的基础上，同时解决了燃煤应用的挑战。该团队正在解决潜在的技术障碍，需要对基于褐煤的应用进行进一步的研究和开发。潜在的障碍包括腐蚀，杂质管理，气化炉的选择以及合成气燃烧器的设计。正在进行的这项工作将积累知识，以支持为下一代燃煤电厂部署商业上可行的低碳发电技术。本文回顾了阿拉姆循环的原理，以及使用北达科他州褐煤利用阿拉姆循环发电的挑战和机遇。重点要放在腐蚀分析上。在EERC的腐蚀系统中进行了几次高温高压动态腐蚀评估（图1）。对金属试样和管材进行了测试，以降低风险并帮助选择结构材料。通过这项工作，可以确定在系统温度低于约371°C（700°F）的温度范围内，含有大量硫的烟道气将难以控制。极有可能发生堵塞。另外，通过该温度转变而冷凝的酸性气体会产生pH值低于1.0的酸。通过减少气流中的硫，可以消除堵塞。在30 bar和750°C的压力下测试的合金均形成了氧化物层，确实提供了一定程度的保护。由于形成了牢固的氧化物层，因此无法确定实际的腐蚀速率。对每个试样进行横截面分析以确定腐蚀的深度，并观察到硫物种渗透到晶界中。所有合金在暴露于测试气体条件下均显示出良好的抵抗力。根据迄今为止获得的信息，在这些条件下，没有一种合金可以作为在系统中使用的可行候选物而被拒绝。为了确定组件的长期影响和使用寿命，必须进行长期的中试规模测试。

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