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Citizen's Deliberation on the Internet: A French Case Study

机译：公民在互联网上的审议：一个法国案例研究

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This proposal is based on a two-year long French case study, which analyses the French public debate about the location of the 3d international Parisian airport (the DUCSAI debate). Because of the technical complexity of the decision, the various environmental and political issues at stake, the former left-wing government decided not to impose on the population a final decision, which would have provoked emotional and violent reactions among the concerned public. They instead decided to involve all stakeholders in a public debate with both an off and on-line dimension: public meetings were organised and their transcription on the Internet was to feed the public forum opened to any type of comments, questions etc. for 6 months. At the end of the discussion process, the organising commission delivered the former government its conclusions: a northern-Parisian little village called Chaulnes had been recommended to welcome the future international hub. Nevertheless, the debate didn't ended here: six months later, after presidential and parliamentary elections, the new government decided to cancel the decision. The DUCSAI debate had put into light some convincing arguments about the necessity of a new airport, which didn't seem so urgent any more. Our study criticise the habermassian approach to discursive deliberative sphere: by restraining the deliberative debate to its rational discursive dimension, one can not appreciate the added value of internet-based debate which widens both participant's profile and the nature of the argumentation which can be more emotional and less rational without loosing its legitimacy and its accuracy in a political debate. Our study clearly shows an evolution in the way citizens consider scientific experts and politicians: they don't accept anymore a given solution to a scientific and technological issue. They want to be part of the decisional process in order to express their own point of view. In the DUCSAI debate hey have invested time, gathered information and data, and even became greater experts that some public ones. Information and communication technologies have been of great help in this process. One can consider this important societal move toward deliberation as a symptom of an A. Giddens' type of reflexive modernity where people are no longer prisoner of their social habitus but willing to improve it through political participation.
机译：该提案基于为期两年的法国案例研究，该案例分析了法国有关3d国际巴黎机场位置的公开辩论（DUCSAI辩论）。由于该决定的技术复杂性，各种环境和政治问题的紧迫性，前左翼政府决定不将最终决定强加给人民，这将引起有关公众的情绪和暴力反应。相反，他们决定让所有利益相关者参与在线和离线的辩论：组织了公开会议，他们在Internet上的转录是为了让公开论坛能够在6个月内接受任何类型的评论，问题等。 。在讨论过程结束时，组委会向前政府传达了结论：建议在巴黎北部的一个名为Chaulnes的小村庄欢迎未来的国际枢纽。然而，辩论并没有就此结束：六个月后，在总统和议会选举之后，新政府决定取消该决定。 DUCSAI的辩论使人们对建立新机场的必要性提出了令人信服的论点，而新机场似乎不再那么紧迫。我们的研究批评哈贝马斯论的话语商议领域：通过将商议性辩论限制在其理性话语范围，人们无法欣赏基于互联网的辩论的附加价值，这既扩大了参与者的形象，又扩大了论点的性质，而辩论的性质可能会更加情绪化。并且在不失去其合法性和政治辩论准确性的情况下，降低了理性程度。我们的研究清楚地表明了公民考虑科学专家和政治人物的方式的演变：他们不再接受针对科学技术问题的既定解决方案。他们希望成为决策过程的一部分，以表达自己的观点。在DUCSAI辩论中，嘿花了一些时间，收集了信息和数据，甚至变得比某些公共专家更强大。信息和通信技术在此过程中提供了极大的帮助。可以将这一重要的社会思考活动视为A. Giddens反思性现代性的一种症状，人们不再是社会习俗的囚徒，而是愿意通过政治参与来改善这种习性。

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