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首页> 外文会议>Spring 2005 167th Technical Meeting of the Rubber Division, American Chemical Society(ACS) >BIOTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC RUBBER-PRODUCING CROPS (Paper No. 57)
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC RUBBER-PRODUCING CROPS (Paper No. 57)

机译：国产橡胶作物的生物技术发展（第57号文件）

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摘要

Natural rubber is an irreplaceable raw material vital to industry, transportation, medicine and defense, largely produced from clonal plantations of Hevea brasiliensis in South-east Asia. Additional rubber-producing crops are greatly desired to increase biodiversity, protect supplies, and provide a safe alternative for people suffering from Type Ⅰ latex protein allergy. Basic and applied research approaches were used to make the production of latex from Parthenium argentatum (guayule) a commercial reality. Also, similarities and differences in rubber biosynthesis among the evolutionarily divergent rubber-producing species, Hevea brasiliensis, Ficus elastica and P. argentatwn have been characterized from biochemical and structural perspectives. Investigation of the contrasting roles of initiator, monomer and cofactor in the regulation of biosynthetic rate (a prime determinant of yield) and molecular weight (a prime determinant of quality) has revealed some unique features, which may prove useful to the biotechnological development of alternative rubber crops, such as sunflower, and improvement of existing ones, such as guayule. These classical biochemical approaches are now being supplemented by genomics and proteomics approaches, including reverse genetics in model systems, to functionally identify and exploit additional proteins and genes involved in rubber biosynthesis.
机译：天然橡胶是不可替代的原材料，对工业，交通运输，医药和国防至关重要，主要是由东南亚橡胶树的克隆人工林生产的。迫切需要增加橡胶产量，以增加生物多样性，保护供应并为遭受Ⅰ型乳胶蛋白过敏的人们提供安全的替代品。基础研究和应用研究方法已被用于使从银莲花（愈创木瓜）生产胶乳成为商业现实。同样，从生化和结构的角度对进化上不同的橡胶生产物种巴西橡胶树，无花果榕和阿根廷对虾的橡胶生物合成的异同进行了表征。对引发剂，单体和辅因子在生物合成速率（产量的主要决定因素）和分子量（质量的主要决定因素）的调节中的对比作用的研究揭示了一些独特的特征，这可能被证明对替代生物技术的发展很有用。橡胶作物，例如向日葵，以及现有作物的改良，例如愈创木瓜。现在，基因组学和蛋白质组学方法（包括模型系统中的反向遗传学）对这些经典的生化方法进行了补充，以在功能上鉴定和利用橡胶生物合成中涉及的其他蛋白质和基因。

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