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首页> 外文会议>World environmental and water resources congress >Study of Rainwater Tanks as a Source of Alternative Water Supply in a MultistoreyResidential Building in Sydney Australia
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Study of Rainwater Tanks as a Source of Alternative Water Supply in a MultistoreyResidential Building in Sydney Australia

机译：澳大利亚悉尼多层住宅楼中雨水罐作为替代供水的研究

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Australia, the most urbanised population in the world, is also the driest inhabited continent with themost variable rainfall. Although Australia has the highest per capita dam storage volume in theworld, reliability in water supply in Australian cities has come to question in recent years. Waterhas become a national issue in Australia with ever-increasing interest by politicians, media and thegeneral public. The current storage level of the reservoirs of Sydney, which is the largest city inAustralia with over 4.5 million people, is near 30%, which has resulted in the placement of Level 3mandatory water restrictions. Sydney Water, similar to other water authorities in Australia, isdesperately looking for alternative sources of fresh water including rainwater tanks in addition torecycling grey water, wastewater and the use of desalination plants.Rainwater is an alternative fresh water source that has received widespread attention in Australia inrecent years. Although a rainwater tank can provide a significant volume of water to individualhouseholds and quality may not be a problem for non-potable purposes, the financial viability of arainwater tank to individual house owners is yet to be established, in particular with the currentlevel of subsidy for the tank provided by the government and with the current water price. There isa general lack of research on long term financial viability of rainwater tanks.This paper examines the viability of rainwater tanks in multistorey residential buildings in Sydney.Two different lot sizes (2000m~2 and 4000m~2) and three different scenarios were considered: 4 floorswith 16 apartments and 48 persons (b) 6 floors with 24 apartments and 72 persons (c) 8 floors with32 apartments and 96 persons. Also, the current planning method called ‘BASIX' and the traditionalapproach (non-BASIX) were considered. The assumed tank size was 75kL. It has been found that ispossible to achieve "pay back" for a rainwater harvesting system under some favourable scenariosand conditions. The most favourable financial conditions for the viability of the rainwaterharvesting system are the 5% interest rate, the A$1.634/kL water price and the 4.5% water priceinflation rate. This scenario produces a cost-benefit ratio of 72%. The worst case scenario is with aninterest rate of 15%, an A$1.264/kL water price and a 2.6% water price inflation rate. The worstcase cost/benefit produced from this scenario is 578%. The roof catchment size of the rainwaterharvesting system also plays an integral part with the 2000m~2 roof area outperforming the 800m~2roof area in terms of long term financial viability. The financial viability of a rainwater harvestingsystem is maximised when the water savings (or the quantity of water utilised from tanks) are high.The water savings increase with the water demand or number of occupants and whether or not thebuilding is BASIX compliant. Thus the two best financial scenarios are for the eight-storey buildingand the non-BASIX approach. Capital and maintenance costs account for the majority of theexpenditure over the whole life cycle cost of a rainwater harvesting system. Plumbing costs formthe largest single component of the capital cost. Costs related to pump maintenance andreplacement form a significant component of the total expenditure. Rainwater tank systems cannotbe financially viable when the total mains top-up required is minimal i.e. when rainwater is utilisedless.
机译：澳大利亚是世界上城市化程度最高的人口，也是人烟稀少的大陆， 变化最大的降雨。尽管澳大利亚的人均大坝储水量是世界上最高的 在世界范围内，近年来澳大利亚城市供水的可靠性受到质疑。水 政治家，媒体和社会人士的关注与日俱增，已成为澳大利亚的一个国家问题。 普通大众。悉尼最大的城市悉尼的水库目前的存储水平 澳大利亚人口超过450万人，接近30％，这导致了Level 3的位置 强制用水限制。与澳大利亚其他水务部门类似，悉尼水务 拼命寻找除雨水箱以外的其他淡水源 回收灰水，废水和使用海水淡化厂。 雨水是一种替代性淡水源，在澳大利亚已受到广泛关注。 最近几年。尽管雨水箱可以为个人提供大量的水 对于非饮用水目的，家庭和质量可能不是问题， 到个人房屋所有者的雨水储罐尚待建立，特别是在当前 政府提供的水箱补贴水平以及当前的水价。有 人们普遍缺乏对雨水箱长期财务可行性的研究。 本文研究了悉尼多层住宅中雨水箱的可行性。 考虑了两种不同的地块大小（2000m〜2和4000m〜2）和三种不同的方案：4层 带16套公寓和48人（b）6层带24套公寓和72人（c）8层与 32套公寓和96人。此外，目前的规划方法称为“ BASIX”，而传统的规划方法 方法（非BASIX）被考虑。假定的水箱尺寸为75kL。已经发现是 在某些有利的情况下有可能实现雨水收集系统的“回报” 和条件。雨水生存最有利的财务条件 集水系统是5％的利率，1.634澳元/千升的水价和4.5％的水价 通货膨胀率。这种情况下的成本效益比为72％。最坏的情况是 15％的利率，1.264澳元/千升的水价和2.6％的水价通胀率。最糟糕的 这种情况下产生的案例成本/收益为578％。雨水的屋顶集水量 收割系统在2000m〜2屋顶面积超过800m〜2的情况下也起着不可或缺的作用 屋顶区域的长期财务可行性。雨水收集的财务可行性 当节水量（或水箱中使用的水量）高时，系统将最大化。 节水量随需水量或居住人数的增加而增加，无论是否 该建筑物符合BASIX。因此，最好的两种财务方案适用于八层楼的建筑 和非BASIX方法。资本和维护成本占了大部分。 雨水收集系统整个生命周期成本的支出。水暖费用表格 资本成本中最大的单个组成部分。与泵维护和维护相关的费用 更换是总支出的重要组成部分。雨水箱系统不能 当所需总干线充到最少时（即使用雨水时）在财务上可行 较少的。

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