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Recycling of radioactively contaminated metal scrap by melting

机译：通过熔化回收放射性污染的金属废料

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In the beginning of the 80′s the Siempelkamp foundry developed a process to melt slightlyradioactively contaminated scrap originating from maintenance and decommissioning projects of nuclear powerplants. The so-called CARLA facility is licensed according to the German Radiation Protection Ordinance since1989 and is still unique in Germany. Treating metals is limited up to a specific activity of 200 Bq/g with theexemption of 2,000 Bq/g for low beta emitters (3H, 14C, 55Fe and 63Ni) and 1,000 Bq/g for scrap contaminated bynaturally occurred radioactive materials (NORM). The limit value for the contamination with fissibleradionuclides is fixed at 15 g/100 kg scrap. The aim of melting radioactive scrap is either to decontaminate themetal or to minimize the volume of the scrap and to homogenize remaining radionuclides in the melt. Dependingon the remaining activity, the reuse of the produced ingots can be different: ingots below release limits can beused as input to conventional recycling paths, ingots above these limits are reused for manufacturing casks orshieldings for application in the nuclear cycle or can be stored for decay before release or must be sent to aradioactive waste repository for final disposal. As a spin-off from the CARLA process Siempelkamp hasdeveloped a recycling process in 1996 especially to treat scrap cross contaminated with NORM and mercury.Since 1998 the so called GERTA facility, licensed according to the German BImSchG (Federal Law onprotection against environmental pollution), is in operation and treats scrap from oil- and gas-operations,tungsten-thorium industry, phosphate and pigment processing, water treatment, etc. The final metal product iscompletely free of all contamination and can be released to the steel industry without any limitations. Slag andDust also from NORM melting campaigns can be recycled or disposed of within certain activity limits, so thecustomer does not get back any residues.
机译：在80年代初，辛北尔康普铸造厂开发了一种将其略微融化的工艺 核电维护和退役项目产生的放射性污染的废料 植物。自2000年以来，所谓的CARLA设施已根据《德国辐射防护条例》获得许可 1989年，在德国仍然是独一无二的。金属的处理仅限于比活度不超过200 Bq / g。 低β排放源（3H，14C，55Fe和63Ni）的2,000 Bq / g的豁免，对被污染的废料的1,000 Bq / g的豁免 自然产生的放射性物质（NORM）。易燃污染物的极限值 放射性核素固定为15 g / 100 kg废料。熔化放射性废料的目的是为了净化放射性物质。 金属或最小化废料的体积，并使熔体中剩余的放射性核素均质化。视乎 在剩余的活动中，生产的锭的重复使用可能有所不同：低于释放限制的锭可以 用作常规回收路径的输入，超过这些限制的铸锭可重新用于制造酒桶或 用于核循环的防护罩，或者在释放之前可以存储以防衰变，或者必须发送到 放射性废物处置库，以进行最终处置。作为CARLA流程的衍生产品，辛北尔康普拥有 在1996年开发了一种回收工艺，特别是用于处理被NORM和汞交叉污染的废料。 自1998年以来，所谓的GERTA设施已获得德国BImSchG（联邦法律 防止环境污染），正在运营中，并处理来自石油和天然气运营的废料， 钨-工业，磷酸盐和颜料加工，水处理等。最终的金属产品是 完全没有任何污染，可以不受任何限制地释放到钢铁行业。渣和 同样，NORM熔炼活动中产生的粉尘可以在一定的活动范围内进行回收或处置，因此， 客户不会退回任何残留物。

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