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Ethanol as an alternative fuel in gas turbines:Combustion and oxidation kinetics

机译：乙醇作为燃气轮机的替代燃料：燃烧和氧化动力学

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Some research is currently carried out in order to limit CO_2 emissions in power generation. Among alternative fuels to natural gas and gasoil in gas turbines, ethanol offers some advantages. However, while the studies dealing with the combustion of methanol are numerous, the research devoted to ethanol flames is rather scarce, in particular with regard to the use in gas turbines. The combustion of ethanol has been theoretically studied by means of a detailed kinetic model well validated in flame conditions. Thanks to quantum chemistry calculations, the reactions necessary to represent low temperature oxidation have been identified and incorporated in the mechanism and their rate parameters have been determined.Several key parameters, such as auto-ignition temperature (AIT), ignition delay times, laminar burning velocities of premixed flames, adiabatic flame temperatures, and formation of pollutants such as CO and NOx have been investigated in an effort to covers gas turbine applications. One has also explored conditions close to ambient in order to address the related safety aspects (leakages of ethanol). To take into account the potential presence of water in ethanol based fuels, similar studies have been performed for ethanol-water-air mixtures. At last, the data have been compared with those calculated for methane combustion.In the low pressure range, the calculated minimum ignition temperatures have been found to be very sensitive to the pressure and the equivalence ratio for lean mixtures. For pressures above 5 bar and moderately lean or rich mixtures, AITs tend to remain close to 440K. Ignition delay times have been calculated in adiabatic conditions at constant pressure. Surprisingly the addition of limited water contents has a very low influence on these results. The addition of water in the ethanol-air mixture decreases slightly the flame temperatures.In the low temperature range, water increases slightly the auto ignition delay times whereas an opposite effect is observed at high temperature.Calculated flame speed has been compared to that deduced from empirical relations found in the literature and the agreement is satisfactory. The formation of CO in pure ethanol flame was always higher than in methane flame while NO formation showed no difference between the amount calculated in ethanol flame and in methane flame. This result is consistent with the slight difference observed between the adiabatic flame temperatures for the two fuels. When increasing the water content up to 10 % in ethanol, the laminar velocities become close to those calculated for methane.
机译：为了限制发电中的CO 2排放，目前正在进行一些研究。在燃气轮机中天然气和瓦斯油的替代燃料中，乙醇具有一些优势。然而，尽管涉及甲醇燃烧的研究很多，但致力于乙醇火焰的研究却很少，特别是在燃气轮机中。理论上已经通过在火焰条件下充分验证的详细动力学模型研究了乙醇的燃烧。由于进行了量子化学计算，已经确定了代表低温氧化所必需的反应并将其纳入机理中，并确定了它们的速率参数。 为了覆盖燃气轮机的应用，已经研究了几个关键参数，例如自燃温度（AIT），点火延迟时间，预混火焰的层流燃烧速度，绝热火焰温度以及污染物（例如CO和NOx）的形成。人们还探索了接近环境的条件，以解决相关的安全问题（乙醇泄漏）。考虑到乙醇基燃料中水的潜在存在，对乙醇-水-空气混合物进行了类似的研究。最后，将数据与甲烷燃烧计算的数据进行了比较。 在低压范围内，已发现计算得出的最低点火温度对稀薄混合物的压力和当量比非常敏感。对于高于5 bar的压力和适度稀薄或浓的混合物，AIT倾向于保持接近440K。已经在绝热条件下以恒定压力计算了点火延迟时间。令人惊讶的是，添加有限的水含量对这些结果的影响很小。在乙醇-空气混合物中添加水会稍微降低火焰温度。 在低温范围内，水的自动点火延迟时间略有增加，而在高温下则观察到相反的效果。 已将计算的火焰速度与文献中的经验关系推导得出的结果进行了比较，一致性令人满意。在纯乙醇火焰中，CO的生成始终高于甲烷火焰，而在乙醇火焰和甲烷火焰中，NO的生成量没有差异。该结果与两种燃料的绝热火焰温度之间观察到的微小差异是一致的。当将乙醇中的水含量提高到10％时，层流速度变得接近于甲烷计算的速度。

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