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MONITORING OF DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

机译：动物源食品中二恶英及相关化合物的监测

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and "dioxin-like" polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) belong to the persistent organic pollutants (POPs). PCDDs and PCDFs have never been produced intentionally but are formed by incomplete combustion of organic material in the presence of chlorine, during industrial processes or intentional and unintentional burning of solid waste. PCBs have been produced as mixtures and have been used in various applications. They are highly toxic, causing severe health effects to humans after chronic exposure including chloracne, developmental and immunological effects and carcinogenicity. More than 90% of the daily human intake is due to food ingestion, especially to the consumption of fat-containing animal products, due to the lipophilic nature of dioxins. In order to control food contamination, the European Union has set maximum limits for PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food products (Ell Regulation 1881/2006/EC). The Mass Spectrometry and Dioxin Analysis Laboratory of NCSR "Demokritos" has been operating since 2002, and performs analysis of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food, feed, biological and environmental samples, applying international protocols of analysis (EPA 1613, EPA 1668), based on determination by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), using the isotope dilution method, as specified by the EU Regulation 1883/2006/EC. The Laboratory has been accredited according to ISO/EN 17025 by ESYD and is the National Reference Laboratory of the European Commission for Greece and Cyprus. We present here a comprehensive report of the activities of the Mass Spectrometry and Dioxin Analysis Laboratory, concerning the monitoring of dioxins and similar toxic compounds in food of animal origin in Greece. Through collaboration with official bureaus of food, environment and health control of Greece, the Laboratory has conducted analysis in a large number of food and animal feed products sampled randomly in the Greek market. The results are well below the E.U. maximum levels and in general lower than those monitored in other European and Mediterranean countries. This has been attributed to the fact that Greece is not highly industrialized, has never produced PCBs and does not perform systematic waste incineration. In addition, samples have been analysed from areas suspected for dioxin contamination, such as areas affected by accidental fires, landfills or exposed to industrial pollution. In some of these cases, unusually high levels of dioxin contamination in food samples of animal origin were observed, occasionally above EU limits, and measures have been taken by authorities to prevent their consumption and to restore normal dioxin levels.
机译：多氯二苯并-对-二恶英（PCDDs），多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDF）和“二恶英”多氯联苯（PCB）属于持久性有机污染物（POPs）。 PCDDs和PCDFs从未有意生产，而是在工业过程中或在有意无意燃烧固体废物的过程中，有机材料在氯的存在下不完全燃烧而形成的。多氯联苯已作为混合物生产，并已用于各种应用中。它们具有剧毒，长期接触会导致严重的健康危害，包括十氯痤疮，发育和免疫学影响以及致癌性。由于二恶英的亲脂性，每天人类摄入量的90％以上是由于食物摄入，特别是由于食用含脂肪的动物产品引起的。为了控制食品污染，欧洲联盟为食品中的PCDD / Fs和PCBs设置了最大限制（Ell法规1881/2006 / EC）。 NCSR“ Demokritos”的质谱和二恶英分析实验室自2002年开始运营，并采用国际分析规程（EPA 1613，EPA 1668）对食品，饲料，生物和环境样品中的PCDD / Fs和PCBs进行分析，基于高分辨率质谱法（HRMS）的测定，使用的是欧盟法规1883/2006 / EC规定的同位素稀释法。该实验室已通过ESYD的ISO / EN 17025认证，并且是欧洲委员会希腊和塞浦路斯的国家参考实验室。我们在此提供有关质谱和二恶英分析实验室活动的全面报告，该活动涉及监测希腊动物源性食品中的二恶英和类似有毒化合物。通过与希腊食品，环境和健康控制的官方机构合作，实验室对希腊市场上随机抽取的大量食品和动物饲料产品进行了分析。结果远低于欧盟最高水平，通常低于其他欧洲和地中海国家/地区所监测的水平。这归因于以下事实：希腊的工业化程度不高，从未生产过多氯联苯，也没有进行系统的垃圾焚烧。此外，还从怀疑有二恶英污染的区域（例如，意外火灾，垃圾掩埋或暴露于工业污染的区域）对样品进行了分析。在其中某些情况下，在动物来源的食品样本中发现二恶英污染水平异常高，偶尔超过欧盟限值，当局已采取措施防止其摄入并恢复正常的二恶英水平。

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