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Comparing nanodroplets and microbubbles for enhancing ultrasound-mediated gene transfection

机译：比较纳米液滴和微泡以增强超声介导的基因转染

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Ultrasound is capable of transfecting cells with DNA through the process of sonoporation. Cell transfection by ultrasound alone is a relatively inefficient process but sonicating cells in the presence of microbubbles can significantly increase transfection efficiency. Unfortunately, microbubbles are relatively large (~3 μm diameter) and cannot leave the vasculature, preventing their direct interaction with cancer cells in solid tumors. Perfluorobutane microbubbles can be condensed into submicron nanodroplets that may be able to extravasate out of the tumor vasculature, potentially allowing these nanodroplets to accumulate in tumors. The current study compares microbubbles and nanodroplets for their abilities to enhance ultrasound-mediated transfection of cultured HEK293 cells. The nanodroplets in the current study were almost 6-fold smaller than their corresponding microbubbles and could be phase changed back into microbubbles with 400 cycles of 1.7 mechanical index ultrasound. Given enough cycles of ultrasound, low concentrations of nanodroplets ( 2 % v/v) were 2- to 3-fold more effective than microbubbles for transfecting HEK293 cells. The current study supports the use of nanodroplets to enhance ultrasound-mediated transfection due to their equivalent or greater transfection enhancing abilities as well as their smaller size which may allow nanodroplets to accumulate in tumors.
机译：超声波能够通过声波穿透过程用DNA转染细胞。单独通过超声进行细胞转染是效率相对较低的过程，但是在微泡存在下对细胞进行超声处理可以显着提高转染效率。不幸的是，微泡相对较大（直径约3μm）并且不能离开脉管系统，从而阻止了它们与实体瘤中癌细胞的直接相互作用。全氟丁烷微气泡可被浓缩成亚微米的纳米液滴，这些微液滴可能能够渗出到肿瘤脉管系统之外，潜在地允许这些纳米液滴积聚在肿瘤中。当前的研究比较了微泡和纳米液滴增强超声介导的培养的HEK293细胞转染的能力。当前研究中的纳米液滴几乎比其相应的微泡小6倍，并且可以通过400次1.7机械指数超声的相变变成微泡。给定足够的超声循环，低浓度的纳米液滴（2％v / v）比微泡更有效地转染HEK293细胞2到3倍。当前的研究支持使用纳米滴增强超声介导的转染，因为它们具有同等或更高的转染增强能力，并且其较小的尺寸可能使纳米滴在肿瘤中蓄积。

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