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Improving Profiling Methods for AERMOD with Abrupt Surface Condition Changes

机译：在表面条件突然变化的情况下改进AERMOD的分析方法

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AERMOD characterizes the atmospheric boundary layer through both surface and mixed layer scaling and constructs vertical profiles using similarity relationships. It has been shown that the vertical profiling approach deployed by AERMOD performs reasonably well on gently varying surfaces but has a deficiency with abrupt surface condition changes. With many industrial facilities located near big water bodies, suburban areas, or outskirts of population centres, the abrupt changes in surface conditions are almost universal. When wind flows from one surface to another, an internal boundary layer grows downwind due to a change in surface roughness. As a result, the wind profile is modified. However, the profiling approach used by AERMOD does not physically consider the profile change. Instead it uses a sector-wise effective surface roughness determined by an inverse distance weighted geometric mean for an upwind fetch distance of 1 kilometre relative to the measurement site. This approach has led to surface roughness becoming a key and sensitive variable to the AERMOD modelling system. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model is used to calculate the vertical wind profile from a 10-m measurement at a site close to a large water body. This model is based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for studying the turbulent airflow over changes in surface conditions including roughness, thermal and moisture properties. The calculated vertical wind profiles by both this numerical model and AERMOD are compared with one year measurement data collected from an 80-m meteorological mast with anemometers installed at 10, 60, 70 and 80 m above ground. The AERMOD modelling system is run for a hypothetical point source with a release height of 60 m and the results indicate that AERMOD could overestimate the maximum 1-hour concentrations by over 50% when wind flows from water to crop surface.
机译：AERMOD通过表面和混合层定标来表征大气边界层，并使用相似关系构造垂直剖面。已经表明，由AERMOD部署的垂直轮廓分析方法在平缓变化的表面上表现相当不错，但是具有突变的表面状况的缺陷。由于许多工业设施位于大型水体，郊区或人口中心郊区附近，地表条件的突然变化几乎是普遍的。当风从一个表面流向另一个表面时，内部边界层会由于表面粗糙度的变化而顺风而下。结果，改变了风廓线。但是，AERMOD使用的概要分析方法在物理上并未考虑配置文件更改。取而代之的是，它使用扇区​​长度有效表面粗糙度，该有效表面粗糙度由相对距离测量位置1公里的逆风获取距离的反距离加权几何平均值确定。这种方法已导致表面粗糙度成为AERMOD建模系统的关键和敏感变量。在本文中，使用二维数值模型从靠近大型水体的地点进行的10米测量中计算出垂直风廓线。该模型基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程，用于研究表面条件（包括粗糙度，热和湿气特性）变化时的湍流。将通过此数值模型和AERMOD计算得到的垂直风廓线与从80米气象桅杆上收集的一年测量数据进行比较，该气象桅杆安装在离地面10、60、70和80 m处的风速计上。 AERMOD建模系统是针对假设点源运行的，其释放高度为60 m，结果表明，当风从水流到作物表面时，AERMOD可以将最大1小时浓度高估50％以上。

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