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Photo reduction of CO_2 to fuel with waste pencil lead prepared materials under visible light

机译：在可见光下用废旧铅笔芯制备的材料将CO_2光还原为燃料

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Society's current use of fossil and nuclear fuels has many adverse consequences. One of those problems is global climate change caused by emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion. Graphene is a very attractive material owing to its unique electronic properties, high transparency, flexible structure, and large theoretical specific surface area. One of its many applications is the use of graphene in the preparation of highly photoactive composites materials based on titanium oxides. Graphene is an ideal nanostrucrure product for pairing with titanium dioxide, increasing its photocatalytic activity. In this study, graphene/ TiO_2 were obtained with waste pencil lead by reduction of graphite oxide using the hydrothermal method. Using photocatalytic activity for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol and formic acid was investigated in this paper. The contact of carbonate and bicarbonate on the TiO_2 surface was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The variation of morphology, phase structure, and pore structure of the catalysts were characterized using UV-Vis, TEM, respectively. The results of this study show that the graphene loading affects the absorption of light in the visible light region. An increase in graphene loading can enhance photocatalytic performance, but too much of it will also decrease the reduction efficiency by shielding the light from reaching the catalytic surface. The effect of pH is also discussed in the study. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed in this study. It is found that carbonate and bicarbonate would cover most the surface of TiO_2 catalyst during photo reduction.
机译：社会当前对化石燃料和核燃料的使用有许多不利后果。这些问题之一是由化石燃料燃烧产生的温室气体排放引起的全球气候变化。石墨烯因其独特的电子性能，高透明性，柔性结构和大的理论比表面积而成为极具吸引力的材料。它的许多应用之一是在基于氧化钛的高光活性复合材料的制备中使用石墨烯。石墨烯是与二氧化钛配对的理想的纳米结构产品，可提高其光催化活性。本研究利用废铅笔芯通过水热法还原氧化石墨得到石墨烯/ TiO_2。本文研究了利用光催化活性将二氧化碳还原为甲醇和甲酸的方法。用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）检测碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐在TiO_2表面上的接触。分别使用UV-Vis，TEM表征了催化剂的形貌，相结构和孔结构的变化。这项研究的结果表明，石墨烯的负载会影响可见光区域的光吸收。石墨烯负载量的增加可以增强光催化性能，但是过多的石墨烯负载量也会通过遮挡光到达催化表面而降低还原效率。研究中还讨论了pH的影响。该反应的机理也在本研究中进行了讨论。发现在光还原过程中，碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐会覆盖TiO_2催化剂的大部分表面。

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