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Static Experimental Testing to Define Force-Deformation Relationships of Precast Concrete Cladding Building Facade Systems

机译：定义预制混凝土立面建筑立面系统力-变形关系的静态实验测试

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Six full-scale experimental studies of precast concrete facade have been completed in 2011/12 to evaluate the seismic performance of nonstructural building components. Experimental testing of cladding panels was completed at the nees@berkeley lab facility. Research findings are particularly relevant to seismic regions of the United States and other countries. The paper is targeted toward engineers directly responsible for facade design as well as the Engineer of Record for a building project. Researchers involved in code development and expansion of Performance Based Earthquake Engineering will also benefit from the paper. Specimens included full-width, half-width, and return column covers supported by an articulated steel test jig simulating a building structural frame. Steel connections between the panels and the supporting frame included slotted connections at the tops of panels and welded connections at the base of panels. The static loading protocol compared cyclic loading with increasing amplitude to a seismic loading protocol based upon the nonlinear time history drift of the prototype structure. The horizontal slotted connection at the top of panels allowed inter-story drift matching the building code requirements to occur with minimal damage to the panels, however once the inter-story drift increased above a point where the slotted connection reached the allowed travel, damage to the panel, in the form of severe cracking at embedded connections occurred. Force-deformation graphs of the global specimen and individual connections quantify the hysteretic behavior. Horizontal slotted connections clearly show minimal resistance to lateral movement while the displacement remains below the maximum allowance of the slot. Once this free clearance is reached, bearing of the slot significantly increases and the connection quickly increases lateral resistance. Welded connections show very little hysteretic behavior due to low levels of relative displacement. The concrete embeds of the weld plates show more pronounced hysteretic behavior as this is the main location of damage and cracking at the base connections. The primary goal of evaluating the connection force-deformation relationships is to develop suitable analytical models for use in nonlinear studies of the facade system. The presentation will clarify performance of modern facade systems and define the analytical modeling input data for researchers exploring holistic building performance.
机译：六项全规模实验研究预先在2011/12年完成了预先完成的，以评估非结构建筑部件的地震性能。在伯克利实验室设施的Nees完成了包层板的实验测试。研究结果与美国和其他国家的地震区域特别相关。本文针对直接负责门面设计的工程师，以及建筑项目的记录工程师。涉及代码开发和扩展基于性能的地震工程的研究人员也将受益于本文。标本包括全宽，半宽，并通过铰接钢试验夹具支撑的返回柱盖，模拟建筑结构框架。面板和支撑框架之间的钢连接包括在面板顶部的开槽连接，并且在面板的基部处焊接连接。基于原型结构的非线性时间历史漂移，静态加载协议将循环加载与振幅增加到地震加载方案的振幅增加。面板顶部的水平开槽连接允许匹配建筑代码要求的故事帧漂移，并且对于面板的损坏，但一旦故事际漂移增加到开槽连接达到允许的行程，损坏面板，以嵌入式连接的严重开裂的形式发生。全局样本和各个连接的力变形图量化了滞后行为。水平开槽连接清楚地显示了对横向运动的最小抗性，而位移仍然低于槽的最大余量。一旦达到这种自由间隙，槽的轴承显着增加，并且连接快速增加了横向电阻。由于低水平的相对位移，焊接连接显示出非常小的滞后行为。焊接板的混凝土嵌入显示更明显的滞后行为，因为这是基地连接处损坏和开裂的主要位置。评估连接力变形关系的主要目标是开发适合用于外立结构的非线性研究的合适的分析模型。演示文稿将阐明现代外观系统的表现，并为研究人员探索整体建筑性能的研究人员定义了分析建模输入数据。

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