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首页> 外文会议>International conference on human-computer interaction;International conference on augmented cognition >A Neurocognitive Approach to Expertise in Visual Object Recognition
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A Neurocognitive Approach to Expertise in Visual Object Recognition

机译：用于视觉对象识别的神经认知方法

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摘要

How can we enhance the ability of observers to pick-up visual information? One approach to this question has been to investigate people who naturally develop an exceptional skill, or expertise, in visual object recognition (e.g. bird watchers, car buffs), and determine how expert processing and the neural substrates supporting it differ from those in novices. The present paper will describe the mainstream view of visual expertise, which considers it to be an automatic, stimulus-driven perceptual skill that is supported by specific regions in high-level visual cortex. Following a critical review of the perceptual framework of expertise, a series of neuroimaging studies will be presented which reveal that in contrast to the mainstream view, visual expertise emerges from multiple interactions within and between the visual system and other cognitive systems (e.g. top-down attention and conceptual memory). These interactions are manifest in widespread distributed patterns of activity across the entire cortex, and are highly susceptible to high-level factors, such as task relevance and prior knowledge. Lastly, the applied and theoretical implications of the interactive framework to performance enhancement and neuroplasticity will be discussed.
机译：我们如何增强观察者获取视觉信息的能力？解决该问题的一种方法是调查自然地在视觉对象识别方面发展出杰出技能或专长的人（例如观鸟者，汽车迷），并确定专家处理和支持它的神经底物与新手有何不同。本文将描述视觉专业知识的主流观点，认为它是一种自动的，受刺激驱动的感知技能，由高级视觉皮层中的特定区域支持。在对专业知识的感知框架进行严格审查之后，将进行一系列神经影像学研究，这些研究表明，与主流观点相反，视觉专业知识来自视觉系统与其他认知系统内部和之间的多种相互作用（例如，自上而下）注意和概念记忆）。这些交互作用表现为整个大脑皮层的活动分布广泛，并且高度容易受到高级因素的影响，例如任务相关性和先验知识。最后，将讨论交互式框架对性能增强和神经可塑性的应用和理论意义。

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