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Network Level Impacts of Major Freeway Reconstruction Project on Vehicular Emissions

机译：高速公路重大改造项目对交通排放的网络级影响

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The paper demonstrates a high resolution spatially and temporally disaggregated method of assessing emission at a freeway reconstruction project. The simulation is driven based on the route choice decision of the individual agents and therefore it is more behaviorally consistent than other earlier approaches. Currently actual diversion, travel time, and probe vehicle emissions information are being gathered for the under-construction workzone. Initial field observed information show promising results in verifying case study simulation results. The result of this paper shows as day-to-day learning process advances and level of information to the travelers' increases, average trip time index as well as average emissions decreases on the affected route. Also, there is a metered region created downstream of the workzone that produces lower emissions than the network average. The stabilization of the network disturbances after the user equilibrium is reached provides us the condition where the average emissions is also lowered compared to no diversion. However, the field measurement from the small scale study suggests that the network never reaches the initial stability and the with workzone condition lies in between the no diversion and user equilibrium conditions. Also, the diverted traffic increases disturbances on the alternative arterial routes and it can be a significant source of overall increase in emissions. Overall network emissions should be interpreted based on the relative size of the workzone compared to the network; larger networks will diminish the spatial and temporal fluctuations in emissions when averaged. The main challenge in validating emissions related simulation results is the lack of line source strength monitors. Fixed site air quality monitoring stations are expensive, few in number, and are often provide pollutant concentrations for multiple sources. In workzone, emissions measurement is more challenging due to the presence of heavy construction equipment. The research team used portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) based vehicle tailpipe emissions measurement in past. However, lack of number of probe vehicles is a hindrance in measuring attributes of a large-scale workzone project. The study team recently established a fleet of 50 vehicles with vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication capability that can provide high resolution (1Hz) vehicle activity information. Since emissions and microscopic vehicle activity parameters are highly correlated we can verify simulated information and modify model parameters based on the observed information. Development of improved algorithms of traffic assignment that consider both travel time and emissions as optimization criteria is underway.
机译：本文演示了一种在高速公路重建项目中评估排放的高分辨率时空分解方法。基于各个代理的路由选择决策来驱动仿真，因此与其他早期方法相比，该仿真在行为上更加一致。目前，正在为施工中的工作区收集实际的改道，行驶时间和探测车辆的排放信息。最初的现场观察信息在验证案例研究模拟结果中显示出令人鼓舞的结果。本文的结果表明，随着日常学习过程的发展和对旅行者的信息水平的提高，受影响路线上的平均出行时间指数以及平均排放量都在减少。此外，在工作区的下游创建了一个计量区域，该区域产生的排放低于网络平均水平。在达到用户平衡后，网络扰动的稳定为我们提供了一个条件，即与无转移相比，平均排放也降低了。但是，来自小规模研究的现场测量表明，网络永远不会达到初始稳定性，并且具有工作区的条件介于无转移和用户平衡条件之间。同样，分流的交通增加了替代性干线路线上的干扰，并且可能是排放物总体增加的重要来源。应当根据工作区相对于网络的相对大小来解释网络的总排放量;平均时，较大的网络将减少排放的空间和时间波动。验证与排放相关的模拟结果的主要挑战是缺少线源强度监视器。固定地点的空气质量监测站价格昂贵，数量很少，并且经常提供多种来源的污染物浓度。在工作区中，由于存在重型建筑设备，排放量测量更具挑战性。该研究小组过去使用基于便携式排放物测量系统（PEMS）的车辆排气管排放物测量。但是，缺乏探测车的数量是测量大型工作区项目的属性的障碍。该研究小组最近建立了一个由50辆车组成的车队，具有车对基础设施（V2I）的通信能力，可以提供高分辨率（1Hz）的车辆活动信息。由于排放量和微观车辆活动参数高度相关，因此我们可以验证模拟信息并根据观察到的信息修改模型参数。目前正在开发改进的交通分配算法，该算法将旅行时间和排放都作为优化标准。

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