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Shape-retainment control using an antagonistic shape memory alloy system

机译：使用对抗性形状记忆合金系统进行形状保持控制

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Since shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators can generate large force per unit weight, they are expected as one of the next generation actuators for aircraft. To keep a position of conventional control surfaces or morphing wings with SMA actuators, the SMA actuators must keep being heated, and the heating energy is not small. To save the energy, a new control method proposed for piezoelectric actuators utilizing hysteresis in deformation [Ikeda & Takahashi, Proc. SPIE 8689 (2013), 86890C] is applied to an antagonistic SMA system. By using the control method any position can be an equilibrium point within hysteresis of stress-strain diagrams. To confirm a feasibility of the control method, a fundamental experiment is performed. The SMA wires are heated by applying electric current to the wires. When a pulsed current is applied to the two SMA wires alternately, the equilibrium position changes between two positions alternately, and when a series of pulse whose amplitude increases gradually is applied to one SMA wire, the equilibrium position changes like a staircase. However, just after the pulse the position returns slightly, that is, overshoot takes place. To investigate such a behavior of the system, numerical simulation is also performed. The one-dimensional phase transformation model [Ikeda, Proc. SPIE 5757 (2005), 344-352] is used for a constitutive model of the SMA wires. The simulated result agrees with the experiment qualitatively, including the overshoot. By examining volume fraction of each phase, it is found that the overshoot is caused by that austenite phase transforms into stress-induced martensite phase during the cooling process after the pulse.
机译：由于形状记忆合金（SMA）致动器每单位重量可产生很大的力，因此它们有望成为飞机的下一代致动器之一。为了保持具有SMA执行器的常规控制表面或变型机翼的位置，SMA执行器必须一直处于加热状态，并且加热能量不小。为了节省能量，提出了一种新的压电致动器控制方法，该方法利用了变形中的滞后现象[Ikeda＆Takahashi，Proc。 SPIE 8689（2013），86890C]被应用于拮抗SMA系统。通过使用控制方法，任何位置都可以是应力应变图的磁滞内的平衡点。为了确认该控制方法的可行性，进行了基础实验。通过向电线施加电流来加热SMA电线。当脉冲电流交替施加到两条SMA导线时，平衡位置在两个位置之间交替变化，并且当振幅逐渐增加的一系列脉冲施加到一条SMA导线时，平衡位置像阶梯一样变化。但是，在脉冲刚好之后，位置会稍微返回，即发生超调。为了研究系统的这种行为，还进行了数值模拟。一维相变模型[池田，过程。 SPIE 5757（2005），344-352]用于SMA线的本构模型。仿真结果在质量上与实验吻合，其中包括超调量。通过检查各相的体积分数，可以发现过冲是由于在脉冲后的冷却过程中奥氏体相转变成应力引起的马氏体相而引起的。

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