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首页> 外文会议>Air and Waste Management Association annual conference and exhibition >Adverse Health Effects in Tar Ball Workers and Boat Crews from Crude Oil/Corexit Mixtures from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
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Adverse Health Effects in Tar Ball Workers and Boat Crews from Crude Oil/Corexit Mixtures from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

机译：深水地平线溢油中的原油/ Corexit混合物对焦油球工人和船员的健康产生不利影响

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On April 20, 2010, the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion occurred releasing more than 206 million gallons of crude oil over a five month period. Crude oil constituents included Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, trimethylbenzene, hydrogen sulfide, heavy metals, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Subsequently dispersants were used in an attempt to contain the voluminous release. The United States Environmental Protection Agency Emergency Management site listed the chemical composition of two types of Corexit (EC9527A and EC9500) used in the cleanup which contained: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Metals are non-biodegradable and bio-accumulate, which raise high concern for acute and chronic toxicity. Metal toxicity involves metal-mediated oxidative damage and epigenetic mechanisms. Arsenic in particular causes optic nerve degeneration and demyelination of peripheral nerves. Solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene also cause peripheral neuropathy as well as cranial nerve neuropathies. Crude oil contains Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)—powerful carcinogens and reproductive toxins. Personal interviews and health surveys of tar ball workers, boat captains, and deck hands conducted between October 2010 and August 2012 were correlated to reveal an overview of symptoms and diseases that are consistent with the crude oil/dispersant mixtures to which they were exposed. Completed exposure pathways included inhalation, dermal, and incidental ingestion of toxicants. Signature signs, symptoms, and diseases consistent with solvent and metal exposure were observed. While both tar ball workers and boat crews were exposed to contaminants of crude oil and dispersants, burn crews had additional exposures from airborne combustion products of crude oil in conduct of their duties. Comparison of completed exposure pathways, duration of exposures, and typical duties are discussed with selected case studies. The results of this study document acute and chronic health effects from BP Oil Spill exposures to clean-up workers and justify the need for diligent monitoring.
机译：2010年4月20日，BP深水地平线爆炸发生了五个月，释放了超过2.06亿加仑的原油。原油成分包括苯，甲苯，乙苯，二甲苯，三甲基苯，硫化氢，重金属和多环芳烃。随后使用分散剂以试图抑制大量释放。美国环境保护局紧急管理站点列出了用于清理的两种Corexit（EC9527A和EC9500）的化学成分，其中包括：砷，镉，铬，铜，铅，汞，镍和锌。金属是不可生物降解和生物积累的，这引起了人们对急性和慢性毒性的高度关注。金属毒性涉及金属介导的氧化损伤和表观遗传机制。砷尤其会引起视神经变性和周围神经脱髓鞘。甲苯，苯和二甲苯等溶剂也会引起周围神经病和颅神经病。原油中含有多环芳烃（PAH）-强大的致癌物和生殖毒素。在2010年10月至2012年8月之间对沥青球工人，船长和甲板人员进行的个人访谈和健康调查相互关联，以揭示与他们所接触的原油/分散剂混合物一致的症状和疾病的概况。完成的接触途径包括吸入，皮肤接触和偶然摄入有毒物质。观察到与溶剂和金属暴露相一致的签名迹象，症状和疾病。尽管焦油球工作人员和船员均暴露于原油和分散剂的污染物中，但燃烧机组人员在执行职务时还受到了来自原油空中燃烧产物的额外暴露。通过选定的案例研究，比较了完整的暴露途径，暴露持续时间和典型职责的比较。这项研究的结果记录了BP油污暴露给清理工人所产生的急性和慢性健康影响，并证明了勤勉监测的必要性。

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