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Dead Load Determination Using Online Measurements (Using online FT-NIR measurements to evaluate the impact of dead load on the Kraft liquor cycle)

机译：使用在线测量确定静载（使用在线FT-NIR测量来评估静载对牛皮纸液循环的影响）

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In 2009 Grace and Tran published a paper entitled "The effect of dead load chemicals in the kraft pulping and recovery systems". Using the formulas presented in this referenced article and mill data derived from online FT-NIR systems, this presentation will further explore the extent of the impact of dead load on Kraft mill operations. Dead load chemicals are the inorganic chemicals that do not participate in the pulping process. Although non- participants, they have the ability to circulate through the Kraft liquor cycle thereby requiring additional handling capacity and energy. The largest and most commonly referred to dead load chemicals are sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate and sodium thiosulfate. It is thought that up to 20% of the chemicals in the Kraft liquor cycle are dead load chemicals. [l]Non-process elements could also be considered to be a form of dead load. Chloride is a relatively small but a recognized important process element in that it plays a significant role in recovery boiler fouling. Calcium may be another important process element due to its interaction with lignin and the impact this may have on delignification in the digester, black liquor viscosity ,and, evaporator performance. This paper will deal with sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, chlorides and calcium. Grace and Tran mention that there are factors that make dead load calculations and control difficult. One of these difficulties is that thiosulfate is not included in typical Reduction Efficiency measurements of recovery boilers. This leads to an understatement of the sulfate dead load from the recovery boiler. Another factor is that dead load can vary with time so there is a danger of overestimating the potential benefit of reducing dead load because at present there is no means of tracking it on a continual basis. The data from an on line FT-NIR system provides hope that both of these difficulties can be overcome.
机译：2009年，Grace和Tran发表了一篇题为“空载化学物质对牛皮纸制浆和回收系统的影响”的论文。使用本文中引用的公式以及来自在线FT-NIR系统的轧机数据，本演示文稿将进一步探讨静载荷对牛皮纸磨机运营的影响程度。空载化学物质是不参与制浆过程的无机化学物质。尽管不是参与者，但他们有能力在牛皮纸浆液循环中循环，因此需要额外的处理能力和能量。最大和最常用的空载化学品是碳酸钠，硫酸钠和硫代硫酸钠。据认为，硫酸盐制浆液循环中多达20％的化学物质是空载化学物质。 [1]非过程元素也可以视为静载的一种形式。氯化物是一种相对较小但公认的重要工艺元素，因为它在回收锅炉结垢中起着重要作用。钙可能是另一个重要的工艺元素，因为它与木质素发生相互作用，并且可能对蒸煮器中的脱木质素，黑液粘度和蒸发器性能产生影响。本文将涉及碳酸钠，硫酸钠，硫代硫酸钠，氯化物和钙。 Grace和Tran提到，有一些因素使恒载计算和控制变得困难。这些困难之一是在回收锅炉的典型还原效率测量中未包含硫代硫酸盐。这导致低估了来自回收锅炉的硫酸盐空载。另一个因素是静载荷会随时间变化，因此存在高估降低静载荷的潜在好处的危险，因为目前尚无办法连续跟踪它。来自在线FT-NIR系统的数据为克服这两个难题提供了希望。

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