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A countermeasure for loss of situation awareness: Transitioning from the laboratory to the aircraft

机译：失去态势感知的对策：从实验室过渡到飞机

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Loss of situation awareness (SA) is a major contributor to aircraft mishaps. This paper describes a technological (display) countermeasure for loss of situation awareness in flight and considers its key remaining transition challenges. The display countermeasure is a tactile situation awareness system (TSAS) that provides cues concerning aircraft motion. For example, if a helicopter drifts upwards, forwards, or downwards away from its desired hover, the pilot would feel a vibrotactile pulse on top of his/her shoulders, the front of his/her torso, or beneath his/her buttocks, respectively. The key challenge remaining for the TSAS is to transition from the research laboratory science and technology (S&T) setting to routine use aboard manned aircraft, which requires extensive flight testing. We present research evidence supporting the utility of the cues provided by TSAS, the safety benefits of TSAS, and the robustness of TSAS under demanding conditions relevant to flight. However, the research setting differs greatly from the operational setting it serves. Therefore, we conclude by sharing seven practical technology transition lessons we have learned from our efforts to transition TSAS from S&T to the very different world of flight operations. We discuss how the differing procedures, standards, timelines, priorities, incentives, and expectations of scientific versus flight testing raise significant challenges to the efficient transition of new technological inventions to the aircraft. Our hope is that describing our ongoing efforts with TSAS will aid similar display technology transition efforts and provide inventors information that could foster government innovation and implementation.
机译：失去态势感知（SA）是造成飞机失事的主要原因。本文介绍了一种技术（显示）对策，它可以防止飞行中的态势感知，并考虑其关键的过渡挑战。显示对策是一种触觉态势感知系统（TSAS），可提供有关飞机运动的线索。例如，如果直升机偏离其期望的悬停向上，向前或向下漂移，飞行员将分别在他/她的肩膀顶部，他/她的躯干的前部或他/她的臀部下方感觉到动触觉的脉搏。 TSAS所面临的主要挑战是从研究实验室的科学技术（S＆T）设置过渡到常规使用的载人飞机，这需要进行广泛的飞行测试。我们提供的研究证据支持TSAS提供的提示的实用性，TSAS的安全性以及在与飞行相关的苛刻条件下TSAS的鲁棒性。但是，研究设置与它所服务的操作设置有很大不同。因此，我们通过分享从将TSAS从S＆T过渡到截然不同的飞行运营世界的努力中学到的七个实用的技术过渡课程作为总结。我们讨论了不同的程序，标准，时间表，优先级，激励措施以及对科学与飞行测试的期望如何对新技术发明向飞机的有效过渡带来重大挑战。我们希望描述我们在TSAS方面正在进行的工作将有助于类似的显示技术过渡工作，并为发明人提供可促进政府创新和实施的信息。

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