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Technology development of automated rendezvous and docking/capture sensors and docking mechanism for the Asteroid Redirect crewed mission

机译：小行星重定向机组任务自动会合和对接/捕获传感器和对接机制的技术开发

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This paper will describe the technology development efforts NASA has underway for Automated Rendezvous and Docking/Capture (AR&D/C) sensors and a docking mechanism and the challenges involved. The paper will additionally address how these technologies will be extended to other missions requiring AR&D/C whether robotic or manned. NASA needs AR&D/C sensors for both the robotic and crewed segments of the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM). NASA recently conducted a commonality assessment of the concept of operations for the robotic Asteroid Redirect Vehicle (ARV) and the crewed mission segment using the Orion spacecraft. The commonality assessment also considered several future exploration and science missions requiring an AR&D/C capability. Missions considered were asteroid sample return, satellite servicing, and planetary entry, descent, and landing. This assessment determined that a common sensor suite consisting of one or more visible wavelength cameras, a three-dimensional LIDAR along with long-wavelength infrared cameras for robustness and situational awareness could be used on each mission to eliminate the cost of multiple sensor developments and qualifications. By choosing sensor parameters at build-time instead of at design-time and, without having to requalify flight hardware, a specific mission can design overlapping bearing, range, relative attitude, and position measurement availability to suit their mission requirements with minimal non-recurring engineering costs. The resulting common sensor specification provides the union of all performance requirements for each mission and represents an improvement over the current systems used for AR&D/C today. These sensor specifications are tightly coupled to the docking system capabilities and requirements for final docking conditions. The paper will describe NASA's efforts to develop a standard docking system for use across NASA human spaceflight missions to multiple destinations. It will describe the current desi- n status and the considerations and technologies involved in developing this docking mechanism.
机译：本文将介绍NASA为自动交会和对接/捕获（AR＆D / C）传感器以及对接机制所做的技术开发工作以及所面临的挑战。本文还将探讨如何将这些技术扩展到需要AR＆D / C的其他任务，无论是机器人还是有人值守。 NASA的小行星重定向任务（ARM）的机器人和乘务人员都需要AR＆D / C传感器。 NASA最近对使用Orion航天器的机器人小行星重定向飞行器（ARV）和载人飞行任务段的运行概念进行了通用性评估。共同性评估还考虑了一些未来需要AR＆D / C能力的探索和科学任务。所考虑的任务是小行星样本返回，卫星服务以及行星进入，下降和着陆。这项评估确定，可以在每个任务中使用由一个或多个可见波长相机，三维LIDAR以及长波长红外相机组成的通用传感器套件，以增强鲁棒性和态势感知，从而消除了多个传感器开发和资格鉴定的成本。通过在建造时而不是设计时选择传感器参数，而不必重新验证飞行硬件，特定任务可以设计重叠的方位，范围，相对姿态和位置测量可用性，以使其任务需求最小化，而不会重复出现工程费用。由此产生的通用传感器规范满足了每项任务的所有性能要求，并且代表了当今用于AR＆D / C的当前系统的改进。这些传感器规格与对接系统的功能以及最终对接条件的要求紧密相关。本文将描述NASA为开发标准对接系统而进行的努力，该系统将用于NASA载人航天飞机向多个目的地的飞行任务。它将描述当前的设计状态以及开发此对接机制所涉及的注意事项和技术。

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