For pipe jacking construction, reducing the soil-pipe interface friction and providing sufficient jacking force are important to achieve optimal pipe jacking efficiency. In practice, jacking force is estimated by various empirical equations. However, the estimations of empirical equations frequently differ from the jacking forces in actual construction. In this study, a model coupling finite element method and a displacement control method was developed to estimate the required jacking force in pipe jacking. This study focused on two cases in Central Taiwan, which is mainly covered by gravel formations. Case A pertained to pipe jacking construction during which sewage pipes with a diameter of 2.4 m were utilized. The monitoring data from this case were used to establish the jacking force estimation model. The jacking force history observed in Case B, in which sewage pipes of 1.0 m diameter were used, was compared with those obtained by the developed model to demonstrate the applicability of the model. The results suggest the developed model can estimate the jacking force with a better accuracy.
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