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Diagnosing Supervision Failures in Preventing Falling Accidents in China

机译：诊断预防中国坠落事故的监督失灵

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Construction projects in China are subject to multiple safety production supervision and liability systems strictly enforced by central or local governments. Such a strong supervision system in practice seems to have limitations in preventing falling accidents that cause life and property losses. Many research studies focused on falling from height (FFH) and put forward many countermeasures, but many safety supervision problems remain. Some example questions are (1) why are the regulatory mechanisms ineffective? (2) what are the hidden factors that trigger failures of preventing falling accidents? The authors collected 118 official falling accident reports from governmental websites and extracted accident causes from the reports. Based on HFACS (human factor analysis and classification system) and "'24 Model" developed in previous studies, the authors proposed an analytical framework for safety supervision assessment and classified accidental causes using the framework. With the data of the reports, the authors completed relative frequency analysis and Chi-square test between the causes of accidents. The authors identified factors that highly correlated with accidents. The main findings include (1) FFH is still the top accident type in terms of frequency and casualties in housing and municipal construction projects in China, (2) "safety devices are not used" is the top-1 cause for FFH, (3) "violation of discipline and directions," "risky operation," and "incorrect use of safety devices" which are related to workers behaviors are not influenced significantly by supervision, and (4) supervision company' safety management has no significant influences on unsafe supervision behaviors related to construction company except "safety education is not in place."
机译：中国的建设项目受中央或地方政府严格执行的多种安全生产监督和责任制的约束。在实践中，如此强大的监督系统似乎在防止坠落事故中有局限性，坠落事故会造成生命和财产损失。许多研究集中在高空坠落（FFH）方面，并提出了许多对策，但仍然存在许多安全监督问题。以下是一些示例问题：（1）为什么监管机制无效？ （2）引发预防跌倒事故失败的隐性因素有哪些？作者从政府网站上收集了118起官方坠落事故报告，并从报告中提取了事故原因。基于HFACS（人为因素分析和分类系统）和先前研究中开发的“ '24模型”，作者提出了一个用于安全监督评估的分析框架，并使用该框架对意外原因进行了分类。利用这些报告的数据，作者完成了事故原因之间的相对频率分析和卡方检验。作者确定了与事故高度相关的因素。主要发现包括：（1）就中国住房和市政建设项目的发生频率和人员伤亡而言，FFH仍然是最主要的事故类型;（2）“未使用安全装置”是FFH的首要原因之一，（3 ）与工人行为相关的“违反纪律和指示”，“危险操作”和“不正确使用安全装置”不受监督的重大影响，并且（4）监督公司的安全管理对不安全行为没有重大影响与建筑公司有关的监督行为，但“没有进行安全教育”。

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