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Modeling of lower ionospheric response during solar X-ray events using propagating radio wave signal

机译：使用传播的无线电波信号模拟太阳X射线事件期间较低的电离层响应

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The excess solar X-ray radiation during solar flares causes an enhancement of ionization in the lower ionospheric D-region and hence affects sub-ionospherically propagating Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio wave signal amplitude and phase. VLF signal amplitude and dynamic phase perturbation $(Delta A)$ and amplitude time delay $(Delta t)$ (also the corresponding solar X-ray as measured by GOES-15) of several VLF transmitters such as NWC/19.8 kHz, VTX/18.2 kHz etc. signals have been computed for solar flares. In the first part of the work, using the well-known Long Wave Propagation Capability technique, we simulated the flare induced excess amount of lower ionospheric electron density profile by amplitude perturbation method [1]. Unperturbed D-region electron density is also obtained from simulation with the help of the 2-component D-region model and compared with International Reference Ionosphere-model results. Further, in the second part, we compute the corresponding ‘sluggishness’ through ionospheric time delay and effective electron recombination coefficient $(lpha_{eff})$ analysis [1]. We find that while the time delay is anti-correlated with the flare peak energy flux $(arphi_{max})$ which is independent of solar zenith angle values [2, 3].
机译：太阳耀斑期间多余的太阳X射线辐射会导致电离层下部D区的电离增强，因此会影响电离层以下传播的甚低频（VLF）无线电波信号的幅度和相位。多个VLF发射器（例如NWC / 19.8 kHz）的VLF信号振幅和动态相位扰动$（\ Delta A）$和振幅时间延迟$（\ Delta t）$（也是GOES-15测量的相应太阳X射线） ，VTX / 18.2 kHz等信号已针对太阳耀斑进行了计算。在工作的第一部分中，我们使用众所周知的长波传播能力技术，通过幅度摄动法模拟了耀斑引起的较低电离层电子密度分布的过量[1]。还可以借助2分量D区域模型通过仿真获得不受干扰的D区域电子密度，并将其与国际参考电离层模型结果进行比较。此外，在第二部分中，我们通过电离层时间延迟和有效电子复合系数$（\ alpha_ {eff}）$分析[1]，计算了相应的“迟滞”。我们发现，虽然时间延迟与火炬峰值能量通量$（\ varphi_ {max}）$反相关，而火炬峰值能量通量$（\ varphi_ {max}）$与太阳天顶角值无关[2，3]。

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