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The effectiveness of Solar Water Heating Geysers in South Africa: A Review

机译：南非太阳能热水器的有效性

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The heating of water for domestic purposes is an important component of human daily activities, especially during cold weather conditions. In South Africa, it is estimated that households spend an average of 40% of their electricity on domestic water heating alone. This alone threatens energy affordability and access due to the high cost of electricity. The South African government seeing that the majority of low-income households do not afford electricity, introduced solar water heating (SWH) geysers as a possible affordable energy alternative technology. The massive roll-out of the solar water geysers began in 2008 managed to install 443 486 SWH geysers. The aim of the desktop study was to evaluate the implementation of the strategy and ends by investigating the effectiveness of the SWH geysers on reducing household grid energy demand between 2009 and 2017. The results indicated that the failures of the SWH geysers programme were attributed to the quality of the installation, lack of training and maintenance, lack of standards for the testing of SWH geysers and inadequate public awareness. The successes of the programme included the introduction of the SANS 10400-XA, reduction in the use of paraffin and wood and a stabilized grid. The implementation of the SWH was a good step towards renewable energy and diversifying the energy mix in the country. However, the study recommends that the failures of the programme be addressed to ensure further success and sustainability of the programme.
机译：用于国内目的的水的加热是人类日常活动的重要组成部分，特别是在寒冷的天气条件下。据估计，据估计，家庭平均花费40％的电力对单独的国内水供暖。这一点威胁到由于电力成本高而威胁能力和访问。南非政府看到大多数低收入家庭都不承受电力，推出太阳能水供暖（SWH）喷泉作为可能的经济实惠的能源替代技术。太阳能喷水器的大规模推出始于2008年，设法安装了443 486个SWH的喷泉。桌面研究的目的是通过调查SWH间歇端在2009年至2017年期间降低家庭电网能源需求的效力来评估策略的实施。结果表明，SWH喷泉计划的失败归因于安装质量，缺乏培训和维护，缺乏标准的SWH间歇泉的测试和公众意识不足。该计划的成功包括引入SAN 10400-XA，减少石蜡和木材的使用和稳定的网格。 SWH的实施是迈向可再生能源和多样化该国的能源组合的良好一步。然而，该研究建议解决该计划的失败，以确保该计划的进一步成功和可持续性。

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