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Moving households to cleaner energy through air quality offsets

机译：移动家庭通过空气质量抵消清洁能量

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Highest levels of exposure to polluted air in South Africa occur in low-income settlements where households burn solid fuels. The Department of Environmental Affairs has recently developed a legally enforceable mechanism to deal with the problem - air quality offsets. Industries that receive some leniency from complying with emission standards are required in terms of their Atmospheric Emission Licences to reduce ambient pollution levels through emission offset programmes. However, domestic energy use patterns across South Africa are diverse, and the impact of household emissions on air quality depends on both the nature of the burning and the meteorology of the area. This paper argues that, although air quality offsets are an effective way of leveraging funds and legally enforcing action to facilitate households transitioning to cleaner sources of energy, they can only transition a sub-set of households. Offsets targeting domestic emissions are likely to remain confined to industrialised areas where there is a high density of solid-fuel burning households. The duration of offset interventions is linked to the period of leniency granted and the life of the implementing facility. Support from other government departments, through providing all households with legal tenure and preferably formal housing, and promoting buy-in from the community, is required to ensure the success of air quality offset initiatives.
机译：南非污染空气的最高水平发生在低收入定居点，家庭烧毁固体燃料。环境事务部最近制定了一个可应对机制，以处理问题 - 空气质量抵消。从排放标准符合接受一些从宽处理行业，必须在其大气排污许可证的条款，以减少环境的污染程度通过排放补偿计划。然而，南非的国内能源使用模式是多元化的，并且家庭排放对空气质量的影响取决于燃烧的性质和该地区的气象。本文认为，虽然空气质量抵消是利用基金和合法执行行动的有效方式，但促进过渡到清洁能源来源的家庭，但它们只能过渡一组家庭。针对国内排放的抵消可能纳入工业化地区，在那里存在高密度的固体燃料燃烧家庭。偏移干预的持续时间与所赋予的宽度和实施设施的寿命相关联。需要支持其他政府部门，通过为所有具有法律保育的家庭以及正式的住房，以及促进社区的促进买入，以确保空气质量抵消举措的成功。

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