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Exploiting NOMA for Multi-Beam UAV Communication in Cellular Uplink

机译：在蜂窝上行链路中利用NOMA进行多波束UAV通信

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to be an important new class of users in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G cellular networks. In particular, there are emerging UAV applications such as aerial photograph and data relaying that require high-speed communications between the UAVs and the ground base stations (GBSs). Due to the high UAV altitude, the strong line-of-sight (LoS) links generally dominate the channels between the UAVs and GBSs, which brings both opportunities and challenges in the design of future wireless networks supporting both terrestrial and aerial users. Although each UAV can associate with more GBSs for communication as compared to terrestrial users thanks to the LoS-dominant channels, it also causes/suffers more severe interference to/from the terrestrial communications in the uplink/downlink. This paper studies the uplink communication from a multi-antenna UAV to a set of GBSs within its signal coverage by considering a practical yet challenging scenario when the number of antennas at the UAV is smaller than that of co-channel GBSs. To achieve high-rate transmission yet avoid interfering with any of the existing terrestrial communications at the co-channel GBSs, we propose a novel multi-beam transmission strategy by exploiting the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique. Specifically, the UAV sends each data stream to a selected subset of the GBSs, which can decode the UAV's signals and then cancel them before decoding the messages of their served terrestrial users, and in the meanwhile nulls its interference at the other GBSs via zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming. To draw essential insight, we first characterize in closed-form the degrees-of-freedom (DoF) achievable for the UAV's sum-rate maximization under the proposed strategy. Then, we propose an efficient algorithm to jointly optimize the number of UAV data streams, the data stream-GBS association, and the transmit beamforming to maximize the UAV's transmit rate subject to the interference avoidance constraints for protecting the terrestrial users. Numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed NOMA-based multi-beam transmission strategy.
机译：无人驾驶航空公司（无人机）预计将成为第五代（5G）及超过5G蜂窝网络中的重要新用户。特别地，存在新兴的UAV应用，例如空中照片和数据中继，其需要在UAV和地基站（GBSS）之间的高速通信。由于高无人机高度，强大的视线（LOS）链接通常在UVS和GBS之间占据渠道，这为支持陆地和空中用户的未来无线网络设计提供了机会和挑战。虽然与地面用户相比，由于LOS主导渠道，但每个UAV都可以与更多GBSS进行联系，但它也会导致/从上行链路/下行链路中的地面通信的严重干扰。本文通过考虑当UAV处的天线数小于共信道GBS的天线的数量小于时，通过考虑实际但具有挑战性的场景，从多天线UAV到一组GBS的上行链路通信通过考虑实际的且挑战性的情况。为了实现高速传输，避免干扰在共信道GBS的任何现有的地面通信中，我们通过利用非正交多址（NOMA）技术提出了一种新的多光束传输策略。具体地，UAV将每个数据流发送到GBSS的所选子集，这可以解码UAV的信号，然后在解码其服务的地面用户的消息之前取消它们，并且同时通过ZERO归零其对其他GBS的干扰 - 强制（ZF）波束成形。为了绘制必要的洞察力，我们首先在拟议的战略下为无人机率最大化可实现的自由度（DOF）的特征。然后，我们提出了一种有效的算法，共同优化UAV数据流，数据流-GBS关联和发送波束成形的数量，以最大化UAV的发送速率，以保护用于保护地面用户的干扰避免约束。提供了数值示例以验证所提出的基于诺马的多光束传输策略的有效性。

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