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Just-in-time Quantum Circuit Transpilation Reduces Noise

机译：及时的量子电路转移降低了噪声

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Running quantum programs is fraught with challenges on on today's noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Many of these challenges originate from the error characteristics that stem from rapid decoherence and noise during measurement, qubit connections, crosstalk, the qubits themselves, and transformations of qubit state via gates. Not only are qubits not “created equal”, but their noise level also changes over time. IBM is said to calibrate their quantum systems once per day and reports noise levels (errors) at the time of such calibration. This information is subsequently used to map circuits to higher quality qubits and connections up to the next calibration point. This work provides evidence that there is room for improvement over this daily calibration cycle. It contributes a technique to measure noise levels (errors) related to qubits immediately before executing one or more sensitive circuits and shows that just-in-time noise measurements can benefit late physical qubit mappings. With this just-in-time recalibrated transpilation, the fidelity of results is improved over IBM's default mappings, which only uses their daily calibrations. The framework assess two major sources of noise, namely readout errors (measurement errors) and two-qubit gate/connection errors. Experiments indicate that the accuracy of circuit results improves by 3–304% on average and up to 400% with on-the-fly circuit mappings based on error measurements just prior to application execution.
机译：在当今嘈杂的中等规模量子（NISQ）设备上，运行量子程序充满了挑战。这些挑战中的许多挑战源于误差特性，这些误差特性来自于测量期间的快速退相干和噪声，量子位连接，串扰，量子位本身以及通过门的量子位状态转换。不仅量子比特不是“被创造的相等”，而且它们的噪声水平也会随着时间而变化。据说IBM每天校准一次量子系统，并在校准时报告噪声水平（错误）。此信息随后用于将电路映射到更高质量的量子位和连接，直到下一个校准点。这项工作提供了证据，表明在此每日校准周期中还有改进的余地。它提供了一种在执行一个或多个敏感电路之前立即测量与量子位相关的噪声水平（错误）的技术，并表明即时噪声测量可以使后期的物理量子位映射受益。通过这种及时的重新校准的转换，结果的保真度比IBM的默认映射提高了，后者仅使用其每日校准。该框架评估了两种主要的噪声源，即读出误差（测量误差）和两比特门/连接误差。实验表明，电路结果的准确性平均提高了3–304％，使用基于在应用程序执行之前进行的误差测量的动态电路映射，可以提高高达400％的精度。

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