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Investigation of sex hormones on the early diagnosis of schizophrenia

机译：性激素对精神分裂症的早期诊断研究

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Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder showing cognitive deficits among the early symptoms. Previous studies have reported that sex hormones are related to the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. In this paper, we explore sex hormones as the potential biomarkers in differentiating first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls, and investigate the most discriminative sex-hormone related biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia at the same time. Specifically, six sex hormones, which are follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone, were examined as the basic features. Based on these sex hormones, the sex-hormone ratios and log-transformed sex-hormone ratios were computed for feature enhancement. T-test was further used for feature selection. In order to avoid the possible bias on sex hormones caused by female physiological factors, the classification experiment was performed on male participants using random forest. The effectiveness of different feature combination strategies was further studied. Among these strategies, the scheme fusing sex hormones, sex-hormone ratios and log-transformed sex-hormone ratios produced the best classification performance with an accuracy of 80.67%, which is comparable with the results obtained by complex neuroimaging data. Finally, the most discriminative features were further discussed according to the t-test results. Results show that the luteinizing hormone, prolactin, sex-hormone ratios and log-transformed sex-hormone ratios are the most significant features. This work supports the use of sex hormones as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Given the convenient detection of these sex hormones in the routine examination, it could be a more straightforward and cost-saving way for the early diagnosis of schizophrenia patients.
机译：精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，在早期症状中表现出认知缺陷。先前的研究报道性激素与精神分裂症的认知功能障碍有关。在本文中，我们探索性激素作为区分首发精神分裂症患者和健康对照者的潜在生物标志物，并研究最具有鉴别力的性激素相关生物标志物，以同时诊断精神分裂症。具体地，检查了六种性激素，它们是促卵泡激素，促黄体激素，催乳激素，雌二醇，孕酮和睾丸激素，作为基本特征。基于这些性激素，计算性激素比率和对数转换的性激素比率以增强特征。 T检验进一步用于特征选择。为了避免女性生理因素对性激素造成的偏倚，使用随机森林对男性参与者进行了分类实验。进一步研究了不同特征组合策略的有效性。在这些策略中，融合性激素，性激素比率和对数转换的性激素比率的方案产生了最佳分类性能，准确度为80.67％，这与通过复杂的神经影像数据获得的结果相当。最后，根据t检验结果进一步讨论了最有区别的特征。结果表明，促黄体激素，催乳激素，性激素比例和对数转化的性激素比例是最显着的特征。这项工作支持性激素作为精神分裂症诊断的潜在生物标记物的使用。鉴于在常规检查中可以方便地检测到这些性激素，这对于精神分裂症患者的早期诊断可能是一种更直接，更节省成本的方法。

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