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Design of Flush Air Data Systems Insensitive to Manufacturing Variance

机译：对制造差异不敏感的冲洗空气数据系统设计

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Flush air data systems (FADS) can be used to determine flow state parameters based on multiple simultaneous pressure measurements. Due to manufacturing variations a FADS typically requires in-depth calibration, and if a FADS insensitive to manufacturing variations can be constructed, then calibration requirements can be reduced. A hemispherical tipped multi-hole probe was first considered as it can be modeled using potential flow. A sensitivity figure of merit was developed, and pressure port location was optimized to minimize sensitivity to manufacturing variations. The least sensitive pressure port locations were found to be 45° from the front of the probe, consistent with prior work. The figure of merit was then extended to a FADS on an arbitrary airfoil geometry employing both XFOIL simulations and experimental measurments. Three pressure ports were required to determine angle of attack. The XFOIL simulations indicated that two ports should be between 10% and 60% chord on the airfoil. The reference pressure port was placed at the trailing edge since trailing edge pressure was nearly invariant with angle of attack. An experimental FADS was then tested, and these tests confirmed the XFOIL trends. A FADS configuration was investigated in detail, with pressures correlated to angle of attack. The FADS was able to estimate angle of attack to within 0.2°. The system was also calibrated using XFOIL, resulting in angle of attack estimations accurate to within 1°.
机译：冲洗空气数据系统（FADS）可用于基于多个同时进行的压力测量来确定流量状态参数。由于制造差异，FADS通常需要进行深度校准，如果可以构造对制造差异不敏感的FADS，则可以降低校准要求。首先考虑使用半球形的多孔探针，因为可以使用势流对其进行建模。开发了灵敏度的品质因数，并优化了压力端口的位置，以最大程度地减少对制造差异的敏感性。发现最不敏感的压力端口位置与探头的前端成45°角，与先前的工作一致。然后利用XFOIL模拟和实验测量将品质因数扩展到任意翼型几何体的FADS。需要三个压力端口来确定迎角。 XFOIL模拟表明，两个端口的翼弦上弦应在10％到60％之间。参考压力端口位于后缘，因为后缘压力几乎与迎角无关。然后测试了实验性FADS，这些测试证实了XFOIL趋势。详细研究了FADS配置，压力与攻角相关。 FADS能够估计攻角在0.2°以内。该系统还使用XFOIL进行了校准，从而将攻角估算精确到1°以内。

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