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Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in WWTP Influents

机译：污水处理厂进水口中的药品使用情况

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Pharmaceuticals are a class of emerging micropollutants whose detection in surface waters have been attributed to domestic effluent discharges. Although concerns over potential ecological and health impacts have been raised for certain pharmaceutical groups (e.g., antibiotics), to date there are no discharge standards for these chemicals. Given that most ecotoxicity studies for pharmaceuticals were performed in laboratory settings that may differ from environmental conditions, there is a need to establish their actual environmental concentrations. In the current study, we performed a systematic review of literature to examine the influent sewage concentrations of erythromycin (prescription antibiotic) and ibuprofen (over-the counter pain reliever) in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The literature search and screening procedure yielded datasets from a total of 250 WWTPs which were grouped according to plant capacity (small, <; 10 mega gallons per day, MGD; medium, 10-100 MGD; and large, > 100 MGD) and geographic location (Asia, Europe, North America). Measured erythromycin levels in the influent ranged from 10-1 μ g/L to 1 μ g/L, while ibuprofen levels ranged from 10-1 μ g/L to 102 μ g/L. Average erythromycin levels were about the same across all WWTP sizes and regions. Average ibuprofen levels were significantly higher in small WWTPs than in large WWTPs ( ). Average ibuprofen levels were highest in North America -102 times higher than in Europe and 10 times higher than in Asia. With respect to WWTP operation, research findings suggest that small WWTPs should receive the same consideration as larger WWTPs where the level of treatment (i.e., degree of removal) for pharmaceuticals is concerned. Furthermore, the summarized occurrence data presented in this study provide insights to WWTP managers in assessing if enhanced WWTP treatment or downstream risks assessment for receiving streams are needed.
机译：药物是一类新兴的微污染物，其在地表水中的检测归因于生活污水的排放。尽管已经对某些药物类别（例如抗生素）引起了对潜在的生态和健康影响的担忧，但迄今为止，还没有这些化学物质的排放标准。鉴于大多数药物的生态毒性研究都是在可能与环境条件不同的实验室环境中进行的，因此有必要确定其实际环境浓度。在当前的研究中，我们对文献进行了系统的综述，以检查市政污水处理厂（WWTP）中红霉素（处方抗生素）和布洛芬（非处方镇痛药）的污水浓度。文献检索和筛选程序从总共250个污水处理厂中获得了数据集，这些污水处理厂是根据工厂能力（小，<;每天10兆加仑，MGD;中，10-100 MGD;大，> 100 MGD）和地理区域进行分组的位置（亚洲，欧洲，北美）。进水中测得的红霉素水平为10 -1 μg / L至1μg / L，布洛芬的浓度范围为10 -1 μg / L至10 2 微克/升在所有污水处理厂规模和区域中，平均红霉素水平大致相同。小型污水处理厂的平均布洛芬水平显着高于大型污水处理厂（）。布洛芬的平均水平在北美地区-10最高 2 是欧洲的10倍，是亚洲的10倍。关于污水处理厂的运行，研究结果表明，小型污水处理厂应与大型污水处理厂在药物处理水平（即去除程度）方面得到同样的考虑。此外，本研究中提供的汇总发生数据为污水处理厂管理者提供了见解，以评估是否需要加强污水处理厂处理或对接收流进行下游风险评估。

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